Discrimination and Children Essay

Diversity means the differences between individuals and groups in society arising from gender, ethnic origins, social, cultural or religious background, family structure, disabilities, sexuality and appearance. Diversity is more often perceived as a problem when it really should contribute to the community by strengthening relations between human beings. SHC33. 1 pc[1. 1b] – equality Equality means provision of equal access to opportunities and having the same rights as others. Each child needs to be treated as an individual and in this way people caring for it will be able to promote their right of having access to equality of opportunity and of being treated with equal concern. In this way children are able to progress along the pathway of development and learning. Equality of opportunity means that each individual in society experiences opportunities to achieve and flourish which are as good as the opportunities experiences by other people. Equal concern means taking as much care to promote the opportunities and progress of one child as you do for any other child. SHC33. 1 pc[1. 1c] – inclusion. Inclusion represents a process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging. All settings should work towards inclusion, as applying it means that the setting promotes positive aspects of diversity and offers children equal chances in life. SHC33. 1 pc[1. 2] Describe the potential effects of discrimination. Discrimination means treating someone less or more favourably than other people, because they or their family are seen as belonging to a particular group in society. Discrimination can be classified in open discrimination (sexual and racial harassment) and covert or indirect discrimination (favouring one group over another – this often prevents individuals from participating fully in society because of hidden or unspoken rules). The most common bases of discrimination are: 1. Ethnicity/race (based on an individual’s ethnic/racial background) 2. Gender (based on the sex/gender of the individual) 3. Disability (based on an individual having a disability) 4. Social situation (based on social status) 5. Cultural (based on deference in cultural values) Prejudice is a judgement or opinion, often negative, of a person or group, made without careful consideration or accurate relevant information, which may lead to the view that some people are inferior to, or of less worth or significance. Examples of assumptions causing prejudice: Some people are of less value, or inferior to, or of less worth or significance than others (defined by skin colour, gender, impairment, sexuality, appearance); Some people are less capable than others; One culture/religion or social group is superior to another If a family is not a two-parent nuclear family, with parents of different genders and the same ethnicity, it is not â€Å"normal†. Prejudice leads to discrimination. Effects of discrimination in children can be seen as damaged self-esteem, self-image and self-confidence on the psychic side. Effects on health could lead to particularly mental health such as anxiety or depression. Effects on education could lead to not achieving full potential at school, leading to difficulties in gaining employment. Long term prospects of effects on education could mean getting trapped in a cycle of poverty due to poor education and employment opportunities. Relationship difficulties could lead to difficulties in socialising and forming healthy relationships. The potential effects of discrimination can be different for different people. The effects can be physical, emotional or a combination of both. For example children with disabilities may not be given a chance to join in with activities due to others thinking that their disability prevents them from being able to do so. This will make the child feel very different from others.

Monster Walter Dean Myers

Monster, by Walter Dean Myers, is about a 16 year old Harlem boy named Steve Harmon. Steve gets tried for murder in a court of law because he supposedly was involved in the burglary/shooting of Mr. Nesbit, the convenience store clerk on December 22. Steve is wrongfully arrested, and spends time in jail awaiting his verdict, which he is found innocent for after a long trial. While in prison, Steve put his time to good use and wrote a play word for word based on his trial. This book falls under the theme of stories that expose limits. This is true because Steve lost all hope in his case, and thought that he will be found guilty for the murder of Mr. Nesbit; however he found thestrength to push through and regain his confidence. Steve's main inspiration was his family because he does not want to look weak in their eyes, especially his younger brother. In addition, Steve has to live in prison for a few months awaiting his verdict; he has to keep up a tough attitude to get through the daily occurrences of beat-downs, molestation and corruption. Prison is even worse for an inmate when they are truly innocent. Steve Harmon is a very strong individual for being able to push through this whole trial without going over the edge; he coped with everything and kept sane by writing his play. Steve Harmon portrays the fear of a teenager who is in prison and portrays a confident teenager who is strong enough to pull through any adversity while having his world thrown upside down. He portrays fear of ones life in prison because the whole book he is trying to get out of prison and to have his life back. He also convinces his lawyer of his innocence and the fact that he was simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. If Steve Harmon had not put any effort in, or did not convince his lawyer he was innocent, he would have rotted for his whole life in a 6 by 8 foot cell. Steve Harmon portraysconfidence because he always believed in his innocence, and would stop at nothing to convince others. Steve's family and lawyer, Kathy O'Brien, motivated Steve to believe in himself because they believed that he could never commit a heinous crime such as murder. I can relate to Steve Harmon because when I was elementary school I did not have much confidence in myself. For example, when I would be in plays I did not like to be on stage and perform. When Steve started his trial he didn't have muchconfidence in himself either. Steve Harmon had such little confidence he thought he was guilty even though he was not. As time progressed, I felt much more confident in myself to take certain risks, try new stuff and make my voice heard. I can thank my parents and friends for this accomplishment. My parents would always encourage me to try new things, speak out, and always tell me I am the best. Steve Harmon gained hisconfidence from his friends and family also, his lawyer always telling him he is going to be ok and he will be tried innocent. What this taught me about myself is family is the most important thing in your life and they can only make your life better.

Analysing The Religious Views On Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Religious Views On Euthanasia Philosophy Essay When it comes to religious point of views on issues, euthanasia is one of the most controversial moral topics of all time. Euthanasia comes from the Greek word ÃŽÂ µÃƒ ¡Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± meaning ‘good death. Euthanasia can be defined as â€Å"the practice of ending a life in a technique that reduces pain and suffering† ( Eike-Henner 11). Religions such as the Roman Catholics and Orthodox Judaism oppose euthanasia on the grounds that it invades God’s territory of life and death. Life is considered a gift from God and should only be taken back by God. There are different forms of euthanasia: voluntary/involuntary and active/passive. Active euthanasia is the inducement of death by taking specific steps such overdose of painkillers or sleeping pills. Passive euthanasia, on the other hand, is the discontinuation of medical treatment in a terminal case so as to allow the patient have a natural death. Voluntary euthanas ia is killing a person for the purpose of relieving pain from terminal or incurable illness or injury with their consent. Finally, involuntary euthanasia is killing a person for the purpose of relieving suffering without first obtaining the person’s consent. â€Å"This paper will examine the ethical views of the Roman Catholics and the Orthodox Jews on the act of euthanasia.† The Roman Catholic teachings have a precise definition for euthanasia. Pope John Paul II describes it as â€Å"an act or omission which of itself or by intention causes death, with the purpose of eliminating all suffering† (Evangelium vitae [Ev], 1995, n. 65). The Church teaches that it is morally unacceptable and constitutes it as a murderous act, which is contrary to what they call the dignity of a person. Namely that every individual is born with dignity, and they are an estimable value. They value the human life, because a person indeed is priceless, for they are created by God. Euthana sia is an act that denies respect of God, the creator. Even if a person is acting on good faith, nothing changes the nature of what euthanasia is; at the very base euthanasia is an act of murder. When it comes to physicians assisted suicide the Roman Catholics describe it as a grave sin against God, because it suggests that a person is in charge of their body instead of God the creator. Physicians assisted suicide can be defined as â€Å"a doctor or medical staff person prescribes a lethal amount of medication with the intent of assisting a person commit suicide (John 151). The patient then takes the dose or turns the switch. Since preserving life is the greatest good for Catholics, they believe that the 5th commandment in the Old Testament of the Bible says it all â€Å"Thou shall not kill† (John 14). They believe this applies to killing oneself or killing someone else who has asked to die such as a terminally ill patient. No human being has the authority to make life and d eath decisions. Killing denies the victim something that he or she values greatly, continued life or a future. Moreover, since continued life is necessary for pursuing future endeavors, killing brings the suppression of all of these plans. Therefore, Catholics believe that doctor assisted-suicide deprives an individual of a future that they potentially could’ve had.

Mission statements in modern organizational environment Essay

Mission statements in modern organizational environment - Essay Example From this research it is clear that the continuous expansion of globalisation has led firms internationally to continuously change their strategies, aiming to develop a strategic advantage towards their rivals. The success of firms in the global market has been related to their mission statements, where the organizational values and aims are analysed. Mission statements are used for different purposes by organizations internationally; most commonly, mission statements are used as tools for presenting an organization’s values and directions. However, the role of mission statements in business success is not clear. Moreover, meeting the targets incorporated in the mission statement can be a challenging target for most organizations but not at the same level. The role of mission statements in determining organizational success is examined in this paper; reference is also made to the value of mission statements as elements of the organization. Emphasis is given on the involvement of mission statements in different organizational activities but also on the value of mission statements as tools for promoting business strategies. It is proved that mission statements can help organizations to improve their performance, mainly n the long term, but their ability to offer immediate benefits is highly doubted, taking into consideration the fact that market conditions have been significantly deteriorated increasing risks for firms operating in all industries. 2. Mission statements in modern organizational environment 2.1 The role and value of mission statements as described in the literature Mission statements are commonly used for highlighting an organization’s key values and targets (Lusthaus 2002). In other words, mission statements reveal each organization’s aims, as they are aligned with a series of ethical rules (Little and Marandi 2003). However, the form of mission statements is not standardized. In certain organizations, mission statements are s hort, not particularly descriptive, showing the general framework of organizational activities (Williams and Green 1997). In other cases, mission statements are used as tools for improving the image of the organization in the market and for enhancing the morale of stakeholders (Thompson and Martin 2010). This trend is clear in the literature published in the specific field. In order to understand the role and the significance of mission statements in modern organizations, it would be necessary to describe the context of these statements, as identified in businesses worldwide. Williams and Green (1997) support that the term ‘mission statements’ is often used instead of the term ‘vision statements’. At the next level, Williams and Green (1997) note that ‘a mission statement usually describes the broad direction of an organization’ (Williams and Green 1997, p.22). In this context, a mission statement is used for showing an organization’s ke y values and the nature of its activities (Williams and Green 1997, p.22). Moreover, Kinney and Raiborn (2008) explain that a mission statement is used in order to highlight the purpose of the organization and the ways in which the organization will respond to the needs of its customers. Kinney and Raiborn (2008) also note that organizations tend to use a mission statement along with a values statement in order to strengthen their position in the market. On the other hand, Henry (2008) claims that a mission statement is used just for explaining the reasons for the existence of the organization. Other issues could be possibly incorporated in an organization’s mission statement at the level that they are considered as necessary for improving the organization’s position in the market. According to Trevino and Nelson (2010) mission statements

Answer the questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Answer the questions - Assignment Example The rationale behind this is to make the individual recruit feel as if they are part of a larger group and that this trial by hardship builds a greater sense of group identity. If on the other hand only a handful of individuals were required to strip, shave their heads, and delouse, an identification of the fact that only a select handful of individuals should be treated this way and should retain a certain identity is tacitly created. The reason for this is due to the fact that the individuals who were asked to perform them became frustrated with the increasing levels of humiliation that were used; i.e. the guards placing their feet on the backs of the prisoners or requiring other prisoners to place their own feet on the back of other prisoners who were tasked with doing the pushups. I would have rejected such privileges due to the fact that the entire purpose of the privilege was to win over a subset of the prisoners to the viewpoint of the guards as a way to â€Å"divide and conquer† 5. Most prisoners believed that the subjects selected to be guards were chosen because they were bigger than those who were made prisoners, but actually, there was no difference in the average height of the two groups. What do you think caused this misperception?   The misconception was caused with regards to who actually had the aura of dominance and authority. The dress code and the manner by which the guards interacted with the prisoners made them appear as if they were bigger and more authoritative than they were in actuality. The behavior was highly typical as our own society has built a type of wall that separates the â€Å"good guys†, individuals in authoritative positions of law enforcement, from those that are not. As such, it comes as little surprise that the visitors showed such trust and level of deference with regards to the guards on duty. 7. In an exploratory study such as this, one problem is

Computer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer - Assignment Example hat did not want to spend a lot on their learning management system and would be able to delegate employees to run the system while blackboard was found to be appropriate for the institutions that had the money to buy the best learning system. The institution customized learning system required the institution to create the learning system from scratch but it was also a costly venture but it would cater for the system needs since it was tailored specifically for the system. In conclusion it was found that virtual learning systems are now very important in learning institutions, for it operate smoothly and to prevent the cumbersome old traditional methods that used to give instructors and students a hard time. Santiago et al (2007) enumerates that various studies have shown that achieving a satisfying learning environment and teaching frame work requires the use of open source learning platforms and virtual learning environments. They are therefore critical for learning institutions. Rosenberg (2001) further states that online training and learning platforms is a viable mode of instruction. But virtual learning packages should not be a replication of in class training. Structure can vary but the needs of the students should be first and foremost in the delivering training through virtual learning environments and open source platforms. Open source software is made up of broad reaching movement of individuals who create a platform that is available to all and can be modified by anyone. It promotes sharing and modification of the software by the individuals who access it and have an interest in it. The main difference between open source and virtual learning environment propriety systems is that propriety software have property rights that is they have patents and have restrictions and conditions imposed by the software license. In open source learning software users are granted the rights to both program’s functionality and methodology, with propriety software

Americas intolerant history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Americas intolerant history - Essay Example The chapter gives the detailed deliberation of the American history and a basic impact of American ideology. The chapter clearly defines how the reformations gradually took place to give the shape to the present society. It clearly gives a panoramic view of American intolerance.The chapter has given minute details about the sufferings of women, and non-WASP communities especially of immigrants. It clearly indicates the attitude of the native Americans and their feeling of supremacy and dominance. The chapter defines how marginalized groups achieved success after years of oppression, strife and resistance. The chapter gives the view of struggle that envisaged success inspite of the fact that it was years of tolerance of these communities and now they are able to enjoy the fruits of it. The contented feeling of these communities help America to be on the road of metamorphosis for equality and togetherness and also the feeling of belongingness. The chapter provides the documented facts through history that proves the authenticity and the truth that this chapter embraces. It discuss out the social reforms, religious reforms and racial harmony that took an era to get stabilized and to get the present vision. The chapter also concludes with the most significant act of defiance against intolerance the civil right movement of the twentieth century. The chapter signifies- WASPs- initially the most significant portion of the population comprised of White Anglo- Saxon Protestants who had four main values defining ethnicity : a. The brief democracy that promoted equality, freedom and individualism b. A brief in private economic enterprise and success c. A brief in the Protestant branch to the Judeo-Christian religion d. A belief in secularism defined by rationality, progress and scientific advancement. The chapter provides the details of intolerance of WASPs for those who do not follow their regulations. The Native Americans, Mexicans and African Americans were given the bottom category in the social hierarchy, whereas, , groups with less physical distinctions received greater acceptance (Purpura, 2000). WASPs were the main stream in establishing the early economic, political, social and religious foundations of America. The non-WASPs were pressurized to conform traditional culture and learn English and abandoning opposing cultural values. The chapter implies the established laws and quota for immigration, resulted in discrimination against individuals who were least like the WASPs in appearance. The chapter also implicates the Nativism which depicts that the European Protestants established themselves as the "native core" of US they were openly hostile to the cultural influences of other immigrant groups. They also found that useful and cheap labor is provided by immigrants. They observed themselves as the true Americans. Those immigrants who did not embrace Protestantism were ostracized and reminded of their inferiority by the action of nativist mob. These mobs were fiercely protective of all cultural values that they considered to be truly American and included anti-immigrants leagues, the various manifestations of the Ku Klux Klan and political parties such as Know Nothings (Perry 2000a). The chapter presents the fact that after Revolutionary war nativism, or practice of protecting the indigenous culture through conscious effort, began to take hold. Programs and policies were developed so as to encourage non-WASPs to adopt WASP values and traditions. It also envisage that 1800s onsets the scientifically justified racial ideologies that further supported the WASP- held negative perceptions of immigrants. The chapter highlights WASPs believed themselves to be inherently superior- physically, culturally, intelligently and politically. The chapter emphasize WASP-based political movement centered on a hatred of

RESEARCH PAPER ON JAPANESE AMERICAN SEGREATION IN THE PERIOD OF Essay

RESEARCH PAPER ON JAPANESE AMERICAN SEGREATION IN THE PERIOD OF BOMBING OF PEARL HARBOR - Essay Example For example, the FBI, along with the Office of Naval Intelligence and Military Intelligence Division, wrote Sonia Shah, had conducted surveillance of the Japanese American community since the early 1930s, a decade before the Pearl Harbor bombing. (p. 179) Anti-Japanese immigration has been present ever since in communities and in the media. And, finally, the success of the attack highlighted the â€Å"racial inferiority† of the Japanese in the American point of view. Barry Dean Karl (1983) offered us an account: The training of the young Japanese air pilots to fly aircrafts was to crash and explode was taken as an example of Japanese racial character rather than military patriotism. Suicide was acceptable to Japan†¦ That the attack on Pearl Harbor was a sneak attack, was also taken as demonstrating a character defect, and it was presumed to have been necessitated by another Japanese defect: that they were shoddy manufacturers whose equipment could not stand up in a proper battle. (p. 202) Pearl Harbor as the worst defeat ever suffered by the American Navy was unbelievable to Americans. The American racism which fueled the previously outlined American perspective towards Japanese led many people to believe that Japan could not have pulled off their stunning raid without inside help of some sort. Here, we also see that American prejudice played a role in the base being unprepared: Commanders at the base refused to focus on what the Japanese were capable of doing and instead focused on what seemed to make sense for them to do. 3 Anti-Japanese sentiment eventually obscured any Japanese-American efforts to display loyalty to the United States. Swiftly, only three months after the bombing, President Franklin D. Roosevelt codified the hatred towards the Japanese when he issued Executive Order 9066 which mandated the exclusion and confinement of 120,000 Japanese-Americans in internment camps.4

The Central Intelligence Agancy (CIA) Assignment

The Central Intelligence Agancy (CIA) - Assignment Example The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is the leading independent intelligence agency of US government which is responsible to provide the national security concerns to US government. It was formed under National Security Act of 1947. The agency controls sensitive nature of work and therefore directly reports the security concerns to the senior policymakers of US government. Senate and President of United States decide the appointment for director of Central Intelligence agency, who is responsible for all the operating, budgeting and human resource matter of the Agency. The Director of CIA works as a National Human Source Intelligence Manager (HUMINT) (FAS, 2009, 1). The history of intelligence activities in United States started in the period of George Washington but since World War II these activities are properly coordinated and directed by government. For this purpose, a New York lawyer â€Å"William J. Donovan† was appointed as the first coordinator of information. He then became the head of the Office of strategic Services (OSS) in 1942 when US entered in World War II. The responsibilities of OSS were to collect and analyze information. However, it was dissolved after World War II along with other agencies and the functions of OSS were transferred to state and War departments (DNI, 2011, 7). After some time, President Truman (The US President of that time) felt the need of Intelligence organization and decided to create a separate intelligence agency of United State. Truman, under National Security Act 1947, established Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).... These staff includes the human resources, protocol, public affairs, legal issues, information management, and mission innovation (FIA, 2009, 1). VISION The Agency has a vision to secure the world from threats. The vision statement of CIA is â€Å"One Agency. One Community. An Agency unmatched in its core capabilities, functioning as one team, fully integrated into the Intelligence Community† (CIA Website) The statement clearly reveals the future direction of CIA. The agency wants to be the unmatched intelligence agency in the world. It wants to create secure and peaceful environment in United States. It wants second to be none. MISSION & GOALS OF CIA â€Å"We are the nation’s first line of defense. We accomplish what others cannot accomplish and go where others cannot go. We carry out our mission by: Collecting information that reveals the plans, intentions and capabilities of our adversaries and provides the basis for decision and action. Producing timely analysis tha t provides insight, warning and opportunity to the President and decision makers charged with protecting and advancing America’s interests. Conducting covert action at the direction of the President to preempt threats or achieve US policy objectives. † (CIA Website) The mission of CIA reflects the true picture of intelligence. The agency is number one in providing intelligence services. Its primary purpose is to collect the information which is against the peaceful environment and interest of America. The agency also analyze the information in order know the hidden threats and then convey it to the US official decision makers. Finally the agency implements the action plans according to the direction of decision

Competition in Design School Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Competition in Design School - Case Study Example Some feel competition helps each person to hone their creative skills. For students who study in design schools, the nurturing of individual creativity is important because they must continually innovate. When competition is involved, students take risks they might not otherwise take to create something unique enough to be noteworthy. It means students summon their most creative talent. Many students like Elizabeth Young, a former student of the University of California, argue that students learn more about their natural talent in competitive environment. It is considered as the "whetstone of talent." Competition also helps the students to work as teams and learn to create success together. However, talented advisers such as Michelle Fabio believe that even though competition undeniably helps elevate the standard by which we measure performance, too much competition could negatively impact less capable students. Therefore, even if some believe that competition is the best way to hone creative skills, it is not without its disadvantages. One disadvantage of competition is that it may cause students to lose sight of their main objective. Educator Mary Pat Lynch shares that in excessive competition, winning becomes the focus, instead of learning. This has been supported by interviews regarding competition conducted by Bergins and Cooks in which forty-one academically talented students conveyed that they focused on grade point average as opposed to learning for the sake of knowledge. No mention was made about any desire for competence by augmenting their knowledge and skills. This means that in a competitive environment, students' center of attention has shifted to the grade, rather than on the main goal of education which is to make students actually understand the ideas being imparted. Among designers, this will cause many to focus on finishing only those ideas that will probably help them win while hardly attempting to bring artistic life to their creations. As such, students compromise quality of life if they think they always need to perform better than others instead of letting natural talent flow. Competition also affects the general welfare of a person and the society in several undesirable ways. First, competition, by nature, requires only a single or a very small number of people to win while the rest of the competitors will lose. If a person ends up losing most of the time, it could undermine their own self-confidence, foster feelings of weakness and finally lead to depression. In fact, nearly ten percent of adolescents in the U.S. suffer from depression. Since the height of depression and low self-esteem in young people often coincide with times characterized by an increase in academic stress, the overly competitive environment increases the probability of poor quality of life for many students. Unfortunately depression is parcel of a cycle that negatively impacts many people. Depressed people are likely to feel left out and become social outcasts because no one will gladly relate themselves with people who see themselves as losers. As they lose their self-esteem, they st op trying to improve themselves. For this reason, they never realize their true talent and rarely contribute anything meaningful to society. Competition can bring out the

Positive changes to the communication environment Essay Example for Free

Positive changes to the communication environment Essay There are many positive changes to the communication environment which can be made to support the communication development of children with BSED, and some have already been outlined in Assessment 2.2 and 2.3. Other positive changes may include using visual support in the form of picture cards, makaton signs or even pointing to objects when speaking. This gives further clarification to our speech and helps a child with communication difficulties understand what is being taught or requested of them, which in turn will prevent any confusion and misunderstanding which could lead to undesired behavior being displayed. To assist a child’s understanding of our instructions, we should also speak clearly and slowly, using simple age appropriate language in simple sentence structures. Asking the child to reiterate what is being asked of them can help ensure they understand, although in some children they may not have the vocabulary to do this. With those children, we could demonstrate our request i.e. asking ‘please help tidy up’ can be reinforced by picking up blocks and putting them in the box and indicating for the child to assist. In older children using written and verbal language, we should again ensure they understand by reading through any signs or written documents with them, pointing out and explaining any key words and reiterating any importance. Similarly, storage for toys and equipment could be labeled with words and pictures, so each child knows where items belong when they need to be put away, and also where to find them if they need them. Staff, including volunteers could offer regular one to one direct support to the child for their communication skills whether this is assistance with reading or phonics. This allows the child to learn in a quieter and less pressured environment and gives them extra precious time to potentially develop the skills which their peers already have. All staff should be given extra training and be made more aware of the difficulties that children with  SLCN and BSED experience in order to offer extra support successfully. As already mentioned, creating a calmer and quieter environment with fewer distractions can help most people concentrate better, but will work exceptionally well for a child who is already easily distracted due to their BSED. Minimal distractions allow the adult to spend more quality time supporting the child, making it easier to communicate as the child is more focused and therefore more receptive to learning. In any environment there needs to be clear boundaries and rules, and these need to be made easy to understand and achieve for children of all ages and abilities. A consistent approach to dealing with conflicts regarding rules helps to avoid any misunderstanding for the child. As already mentioned, a child seeking attention will gain this in the way easiest to him or her, and if attention is usually only given following negative behavior, then this how the child is likely to behave. Positive encouragement and praise should be given as often and as emphasized as negative comments as this will help the child acknowledge that good behaviour is just as, if not more so rewarded than undesirable behaviour. Unfortunately in society there is a stigma attached to people with SCLN and/or BSED, and a less than favourable opinion can be formed by a child when witnessing how an adult deals with a child’s behaviour. It is therefore imperative that we show no discrimination towards a child with SLCN or BSED, nor make them feel any different or inferior to their peers. All children can benefit from having information clarified and reiterated especially rules and boundaries, so this doesn’t need to be a direct communication just towards the child with extra needs. If a child is made to feel different than their peers in a classroom, they may react to this in a negative manner as it accentuates their extra needs and draws attention to them which may be unwanted. Their reactions may be to become more withdrawn and show less pro-social skills, or to display disruptive or even aggressive behaviour in order to express their feelings of upset. A child with BSED and communication difficulties may not understand their work or what is required of them and we must encourage ways of the child asking for help, as well as  us pro offering support. One way to do this within a classroom environment could be to use playing cards, with each pupil having a card each, and if they require help they can turn the card over on their desk, so only the teacher can see, avoiding drawing attention to themselves by having to put their hand up and request help and reducing any embarrassment they may feel. Simple reward charts work well with most children but need to be realistic regarding expectations and consistent in recognizing achievements. This could be done as an overall class chart or individual charts for each child aimed at specific development areas. The school my 5 year old daughter attends uses a ‘traffic light’ system to acknowledge good and negative behaviour. All children begin with their name tag on green, however if negative behaviour is witnessed then they move to amber – if the behaviour improves, they move back to green, if it proceeds as negative behaviour then move to red. Each time a child moves to amber, they lose 5 minutes from their playtime, and if on red, they lose their ‘golden’ free play time on a Friday. If the child is on green all week, they receive a treat on a Friday (usually a sweet, lollipop etc) and for those displaying exceptional hard work or efforts, a certificate of merit is given. The children respond well to this as their ‘punishment’ for negative behaviour is immediate (or as near as can be) so they quickly learn to display alternative behaviour. It is important to remember that a child with BSED may not recognize boundaries and the cause and effect of their behaviour or a reward scheme and therefore a tailored approach would be required. Teaching a child with BSED techniques on how to deal with their emotions before they reach a crisis point can help the child manage their behaviour and develop their emotional and social skills at the same time as their communication skills. Ways of doing this could include teaching the child a way in which to communicate to their key worker or teacher that they require help or that they are angry or frustrated. This allows the key worker or teacher to support the child before the feelings escalate. Other ways may include helping the child to use a ‘time out’ facility whereby when the child is feeling anxious or angry, they go to a quiet corner until they feel calmer and someone can support them. Using play or activities which the child has a specific interest in (or even using favourite toys or characters within the activity) will help the child maintain their interest and allow them further opportunities to interact, increasing their communication and social skills. Finally, reiterating the day’s timeline can help children understand what is happening next or when certain activities will take place. Many young children have little concept of time, and for a child who is unsettled and finding it difficult to conform to the boundaries within the setting, it may help them feel more at ease and less anxious if they know what to expect next. The timeline could be repeated verbally or simple pictures could be displayed to show what activity will be happening soon i.e. lunchtime (a picture of a sandwich and drink), outdoor play (picture of trees and a ball) or home time (a picture of a coat). Many different ways can be implemented but they may require a lot of time, and a great deal of extra effort from staff before a child begins to display any positive changes and this should be taken into account before deciding that a specific strategy appears to not be working.

Enterprise systems Essay Example for Free

Enterprise systems Essay Enterprise systems are complex and must be tailored to the organization they are being implemented in. Common challenges in building enterprise systems include specifications and requirements determination, translation of specifications and requirements into business rules that can be followed by the enterprise system and training and compliance issues. The most important aspect of an enterprise system is the business rules on which it is based. In order to determine these business rules, the system developer must take the specifications and requirements provided by the users and management and transform them into machine practices. However, gathering the specifications and requirements can be a challenging process. Enterprise systems are supposed to model the practices of the human resources of the enterprise – for example, if a job offer is made to an applicant and accepted, the HR subsystem will need to perform certain tasks, like employment confirmation, informing the supervisor of the start date, initiating benefits allocation and whatever other tasks have been set out for it. Often organizations attempt to model a previous process completely within the enterprise system, using work instructions, manuals and guidelines to determine the correct procedure for a given task. However, if the organization has a high investment in tacit knowledge (knowledge which is not written down, but is passed from person to person in an â€Å"apprentice† fashion), these documents may be insufficient to reflect the full process flow. In order to avoid losing tacit knowledge during the implementation of explicit business processes, it is important to utilize personal interviews and observation as well as examination of formal documents when determining specifications and requirements. After specifications and requirements have been determined, a secondary challenge is translating the specifications and requirements into business rules for processing by the enterprise system. These translations are not always completely obvious, and inaccurate or imprecise specifications can often cause the system to behave in unexpected ways. For example, if a business rule that monitors industry statistics in order to predict market conditions misses a determining factor, it may predict inaccurately. These results may not be obvious until it is too late, particularly if there is no human oversight of the system. In order to prevent inaccurate or incomplete translation of specifications and requirements to business rules, human oversight of the operation of the system should be provided. One final difficulty in developing and implementing enterprise systems is not with the system itself, but with its users. Enterprise systems are a paradigm shift in operations management for most organizations, and considerable resistance can be demonstrated by some employees, who may feel the system is too complex, inaccurate or simply unusable. The developer of an enterprise system must manage the change for the users as well as implement the system. Expectations management and training should be used to manage this change. User’s expectations should be managed so that they are reasonable – a system should never be sold as â€Å"solving all the problems†, because the complexity of implementation means that things will probably get more complicated for a time, rather than less. Thorough training in the use of the system should also be offered; in order for the enterprise system to be fully effective, users must understand how, when and why to utilize the system for best results, and how to perform their tasks within the system effectively.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Business Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Business Information Technology Essay Several decades ago nobody could have imagined that development of technologies would lead to radical changes in business management. Moreover, we did not even suppose that a usual process of buying and selling which was implemented through real communication between buyer and trader would become so convenient and accessible. Till some particular moment communication was the only way of holding negotiations we got accustomed to, which now is being gradually replaced by this new possibility to do business by using the Internet technologies. From year to year online business method that was intended only for privileged is becoming more and more demanded and available for everyone in the cyberspace. Electronic business has a significant impact on company performance and new ways of growth and improvement are opened for its subsequent prosperity. This improvement is achieved by changing the concept of operations and establishing closer relationship with customers. The economic basis of e lectronic business is radically expanding the audience, increasing marketing effectiveness, accelerating the process of buying and selling of all kinds of goods and services (Shelly Vermaat, 2009, p.737). We used to refer the phrase electronic shop (Shelly Vermaat, 2009, p.738) to a specialized website where web visitor is able to purchase any goods directly online and acquaints preliminarily with their descriptions. Customers process of buying in an electronic shop differs from the traditional form of purchasing items in usual shops. This trend of modern trade continues to grow and this is the reason why most companies are now actively converting conventional business models and are focused on multi-marketing strategy. Today, investment in electronic business is a priority for many of them. However, its solution is necessary for clear understanding of the key factors which determine the success. Although electronic business definitely has valuable advantages over other types of business, it has disadvantages which should not be overlooked. It cannot be denied that the main benefits of online business are its low start up cost and fast development in comparison with the common one. There is no need in renting a physical space as the cyberspace is infinite area to some extent and the seller can suggest a wide range of products. Therefore the clients have more extensive choice. The more things the customer has to choose the more satisfied he/she is. For the generation of online shops it does not require a lot of efforts and time to set it up. At the beginning of the business a websites developer should register the project and promote it through various advertising companies. All these costs do not require a lot of money expenditures while in conventional business it does. Thus, any business process, in which you can use the electronic interaction between people, has the potential for reducing expenditures, which, in turn, entails lower prices for customers (Fields, 2007). Another important advantage of online business is its capability to attract not only local customers but also a worldwide audience with minimal effort. Of course, it is possible to reach international public through other forms of advertising like traditional ones: television, radio and print media. But all together they are not as effective in reaching potential clients around the world as electronic marketing is. Basically, any product or service that is registered on the World Wide Web has a limitless market that transcends age, culture, geography and time zone (Campbell, 2007). No matter of wherever and whenever the clients are, it is not a problem now to get the things they want within the shortest period. At the same time, it unites people of all ages, races and occupations into one whole community of online buyers in some meaning. Having a discussion with each other on the forums, the clients from different countries exchange their knowledge about some kind of products and get both useful information and also an international experience of communication. Online business gives traders a possibility to earn money even if they sleep as their shops work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The important feature of the Internet is that it has automatic operating mode of websites and therefore the probability of missing clients is minimized in this situation because they can purchase goods at any time they want and what is of high importance is that sellers save a lot of their time. Thousands of people can surf website simultaneously without making a crowd while it is rarely happens in offline business. In addition, traders can spend enough time doing the things they like and working at the time they prefer. It is very convenient for them to manage daytime in this way as they can put the work aside whenever they like and get some rest or vice versa (Smith, 2005). A very strong side of starting online business is the fact that in the situation of business failure the businessperson does not lose his/her life savings. Usually the activity of electronic business has to be stopped because of the deficiency of profit and thereby the businessperson has to end his/her activity. The only thing the owner can lose is his/her money that were spent for the development and promotion of business. The risk of such failure can be much bigger if business was granted franchise. It means that all the efforts the seller put into activation of business, the list of his/her patrons and customers in common, a respectful position in the business sector, communication with persons of consequence, all these life benefits disappear in a moment. Electronic business has transformed its customer service into the convenient and effective one. Auspicious conditions were created for maintenance of confidential relationships between clients and traders. The customer can contact a commercial agent in an interactive mode to get more information about the product or service. Furthermore, the clients can read recommendations and reviews of different people within website who already have opinions about items that they want to buy or already purchased and used them. If some product the customer wants to buy is not available for the current time then it is possible to send a request to inform him/her about its appearance via e-mail. What is more convenient is that payments can be implemented online and the items can be delivered to the customers without their participation (Iyer, n.d.). Remember the situation in the shop when people have to go through different departments to find the items they need. It takes a lot of time and power and as a consequence the amenities of shopping disappear. Fortunately, online shops have a very smart option the possibility to search products in catalogues just by entering the keywords into search form. After several seconds the integrated search engine would find all the possible offers of goods. It is a very attractive option for people who do not like to waste a lot of time on selecting the products (Shelly Vermaat, 2009, p.745). The last advantage I want to pay attention is a lack of necessity in hiring personnel like software engineer to run online business. The basic thing to activate online store is to create and upload it to the Internet. Even if hire a professional programmer, it would be a kind of a temporary work which does not require permanent control. One way around this is to outsource as many of your business functions as possible (Kaarakainen, 2010). If later the shop owner could fulfill such things like monitoring of the website, observation of clients requests and some other stuff by himself/herself then there is no need in outsourcing anymore, maybe except the situations like technical problems when it is almost impossible to hold down a job without specialists help. Having considered the main benefits of online business it is important to pay attention to the drawbacks as they put obstacles in the way of taking the leading position of online business running. A use of electronic communications is becoming one of the key conditions for the survival of companies in a huge competitive environment however competition is also one of the most alarming problems. Because competition comes in all forms and shapes, your sales pitch would have to be truly attention-calling (Campbell, 2007). One of the necessities in the competitive activity is occasional price reduction when only the most stable business could survive. The customers often become victims of a warm work of competitive organizations and sometimes can find it difficult to make the right decision in choosing the right goods for themselves. So the only possible constructive tool in clients attraction could be the proper marketing strategy in the cruel wars of the business rivals. As online shops became accessible for all the visitors so the tendency of copying ideas which were put there is of high possibility. People tend to do these things following the main motivation of gaining as much profit as possible. In view of the fact that if ones online business is not officially registered as the trade mark then stealing the project of website construction is not taken as a copyright offence. So that means that everyone who would take the same concept of already existing website could live with no worry. It is a very grievous aspect of open business activity when all your marketing strategies are visible and clear (Kaarakainen, 2010). Another disadvantage that also should be observed is a security threat of supposed electronic transaction which customer usually accomplishes during the purchase. People are still worrying about security of electronic commerce in spite of the wide spread of modern software that helps to protect their personal information. Through the growing number of fraudulent schemes people in most cases are afraid of giving details of their account until they are sure about the reliability of the payment system. And such behavior is fully justified as no one would like to lose his/her money (Campbell, 2007). As all the talks of customer and trader are implemented via the Internet it is really hard to build a good and trusting relationships (Burton, 2008) between them because of their isolation from each other. Most of people find it almost impossible to negotiate in this way as they do not have any idea of who they are contacting with. Therefore, the seller should endeavor a lot to satisfy all the needs of the clients and try to keep positive and friendly relationships in order to attract as many new customers as possible for the further possible collaboration. In conclusion I would like to stress that all the mentioned advantages of online business are very strong and have conclusive proofs that maintaining business with the help of modern high technologies is optimized as much as possible and continues to develop day after day. For those who have never tried it, electronic business could be perceived as not serious occupation but this system really works. Just look at the real examples of such successful online companies like Amazon or eBay as they are the parts of the list of online giants with overwhelming profit made since their creation. Unfortunately, we should admit the fact that deficiencies hamper subsequent progress of online business techniques and traders have to cope with them. In the near future it seems to be the full dominance of high technologies in the commerce sector and its improvements would be interpreted as a fertile soil for the effectiveness of peoples saving time (Shelly Vermaat, 2009, p.751).

What is Religion Essay -- essays research papers fc

World Religion What is Religion?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the American College Dictionary, religion is a noun defined as the quest for the values of the ideal life. This definition is vast and general, allowing for a variety of interpretations by people from all cultures. There is no single path to follow in order to lead an ideal life, only personal beliefs and experiences. Religion is non-finite so there is no way of determining a boundary (Smart, 5). In my quest for a true understanding of what religion is I explored my own traditions and religious beliefs as well as life experiences. Slowly, with the added insight from the text and videos, my own definition of religion has begun to take shape.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps the most powerful statement made about religion was made by Dr. John Simmons of Western Illinois University. He makes the valid point that religion is not a noun, but a verb. Religion is based on beliefs and how people act based on those beliefs. Tradition, prayer, and meditation are all acts of religion and are considered intangible behaviors. Although many rituals of religion are â€Å"things†, the ethical and social portions are lifestyles. In addition to this point, Dr. Simmons mentions the possibility of religion being founded as a way to understand and answer important questions about life and death. People must find out who they are, why they are here on Earth, and what purpose their life holds. Questions known as boundary questions are posed when humans are faced with new situations in their lives (Beliefs and Believers, Class 1). They must believe that there is reasoning to support their actions. Rites of passage are the most frequent exper iences involving boundary questions. For example, as a child of Christian parents, I was told that people die because it is their turn to be with Jesus. Heaven made sense to me and comforted me, knowing that my loved ones would be in such a wonderful place. Also in the Christian religion, questions may arise about the beginning of life and how we got to Earth. The myth of Adam and Eve and the story of the Creation answers that for Christian believers. As for my purpose on Earth, my question was answered by the Christian doctrine. I am here to spread the word of God in actions and words so that all humans may know His love. However, these answers do not make sense to a... ... identity and answers profound life questions otherwise unobtainable. In only a short period of time, my perception of religion has changed vastly. I have been introduced to many other perspectives that have impacted my own beliefs. I hope that as I continue to study new religious ideas, my understanding and knowledge will grow as well. BIBLIOGRAPHY Beliefs and Believers. Teleclass.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Park, Illinois: Governors State University, 1999 Marty, Martin. Interview with Dr. John K. Simmons. Beliefs and Believers:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Park, Illinois: Governors State University, 1999 Simmons, Dr. John K. Beliefs and Believers Teleclass Study Guide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1999 Smart, Ninian. Worldviews: Crosscultural Explorations of Human Beliefs (Third Ed).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2000 Tindall, George. America: Brief 5th Edition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NY, NY: Norton, 2000 Williams, Rev. Cecil. Interview with Dr. John K. Simmons. Beliefs and Believers:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Park, Illinois: Governors State University, 1999

Aristotles Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

The Humanities represent man's concern with man and with the human world. In that concern there is no more important problem than the age-old one which was first discussed systematically here, in Greece, more than two thousand years ago. The problem I refer to, which the ancient Greek philosophers thought deeply about, is this one: What makes a human life good -- what makes it worth living and what must we do, not just merely to live, but to live well? In the whole tradition of Western literature and learning, one book more than any other defines this problem for us and helps us to think about it. That book of course is Aristotle's Ethics, written in the fourth century before Christ. Aristotle was a student of Plato. Plato had founded the Academy of Athens, which was the great university of ancient Greece. Aristotle studied and worked there for about twenty years. He was called by Plato "the intellect of the school." Unlike Socrates, Aristotle was interested in the study of nature. He was unlike Socrates in another respect. When he, too, was accused of un-Athenian activities, he decided to flee, saying "I will not let the Athenians offend twice against philosophy." The subject treated in this book is called "ethics" because ethos is the Greek word for character, and the problems with which this book deals are the problems of character and the conduct of life. The Ethics is divided into ten parts. I am going to deal only with the first part, in which Aristotle discusses happiness. But before we begin, let me remind you of a famous statement about happiness that occurs in the opening paragraph of the American Declaration of Independence. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights: that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed..." Have you ever thought what it means to say that it is every man's natural right -- not to be happy -- but to engage in the pursuit of happiness? What do we mean when we say that one of the main objectives of good government is to see that no man is interfered with -- more than that, that every man must be helped by the state in his effort to lead ... ... almost completed, and say that it has been good. This may seem strange to you at first, but when you think about it for a moment you will see that it really is not. One example will make this clear to you. You go to a football game. At the end of the first half, you meet a friend of yours in the aisle. He says to you, "Good game, isn't it?'' If it has been well-played so far, your natural response would be to say, "Yes." But if you stop to think for a moment, you will realize that all you are in a position to say, at the end of the half, is that it is becoming a good game. Only if it is well played all through the second half, can you say, when it is all over, that it was a good game. Well, life is like that. Not until it is really over can you say, "It was a good life" -- that is, if it has been well lived. Toward the middle, or before, all you can say is that it is becoming a good life. Here is Aristotle's way of making this point: "Certainly the future is obscure to us, while happiness, we claim, is an end and something in every way final†¦If so, we shall call happy those among living men in whom these conditions are, and are to be fulfilled."

Ineffective N.A.A.C.P. in James Baldwins Down at the Cross Essay

The Effect of the N.A.A.C.P. There are many different opinions of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.), the premier organization for African-American rights around the world. Some believe that the organization has made great strides towards equality and fairness across the country, and that segregation could still be a prominent fixture today if not for the N.A.A.C.P. Others scrutinize the efforts of the N.A.A.C.P., and claim that it is nothing more than a figurehead organization that doesn’t actually advance the African-American people. This seems to be the sentiment shared in the essay, â€Å"Down at the Cross,† by James Baldwin. Although mentioned only briefly in the essay, Baldwin conveys a sense of discouragement towards the N.A.A.C.P., and that there work doesn’t do much good because of their lethargy in the courtroom. (Baldwin, 320) Baldwin asserts that by the time the court decision has been made, the impact of the decision is a lmost nonexistent, and fails to carry a collective punch. For these reasons, Baldwin believes that the N.A.A.C.P. will never accomplish meaningful, and that they will continue to simply go through the motions, in an almost lifeless manner. The history of the N.A.A.C.P. dates back to the early 20th century. The organization was founded in 1909 by Mary White Ovington. Ovington had read an article from the New York Post entitled â€Å"Race War in the North,† written by William English Walling. Ovington became inspired to learn more about the African-American situation, and set up a meeting with Walling in New York. On February 12th, 1909, approximately 20 or so members met and formed the National Association for the Advancement of Co... ...essay, Baldwin may have proven to have predicted the fate of the N.A.A.C.P., even if its accomplishments did surpass his own expectations. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1962. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 296-347. Kellogg, Charles Flint. NAACP: A History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967. Connerly, Ward. â€Å"The NAACP’s Decline and Fall.† The Wall Street Journal 16 July 2002: A16. â€Å"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.† Spartacus Educational. â€Å"NAACP Timeline.† National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Grendel and Cain Essay

In the story of Beowulf you get a glimpse of many different themes throughout this epic. Those themes range from good and evil to those of death and glory. The story itself depicts a period in history when life was lead â€Å"blind† through the teachings of the book of the lord and his spoken words. At this same period in history traditional pagan religious practices and beliefs have slowly given way to the ideals and philosophy of Christianity. Many of the themes held within the pages of Beowulf stem from the proverbs and fables recited and practiced in the Old Testament, while concurrently adding pagan beliefs of monsters, demons, and multiple gods. The most striking of these biblical comparisons is viewed between Grendel (the protagonist, evil rival of Beowulf) and Cain (the evil brother of Able). In the Old Testament, Cain kills his brother Abel and is consequently punished and banished from the Garden of Eden by God. His actions proved to have a dramatic effect on the life of Grendel and the choices he makes throughout his life until his epic struggle for victory over the Geats and Beowulf himself. Symbolically and genetically, Grendel assumes the role of his ancestor Cain in this epic story as an outsider, disowned from the rest of society, finding a home only among the unknown (evil) and those who have sinned. Feeding on the flesh and blood of god’s creations, Grendel starts a vigorous battle to destroy all that is good and the things he can not have. To the Anglo-Saxons and the creators of Beowulf, one of the worst crimes a person could have committed in life was that of murdering ones kin (or the killing of one’s brother). During the era of this writing the figure of Cain is used metaphorically to represent â€Å"the unknown† (chaos, evil) and the presence of evil. Cain defies gods will and so he secludes himself to the evils of the surrounding world only to foster a hatred of god and a family cursed for eternity. The period in which Grendel and Cain resided in was deeply structured around the book of the lord (bible) and as a result created a society structured around the teachings and morals of its stories. The idea of friendship and kin being desecrated through the act of murder is one of the worst things a person can do and the consequences of that are severe. Grendel is a victim of his own world and the actions of his ancestors. The society for which Grendel wants to conquer and deny existence  proves to be the creator and destroyer of his tragic being. In the classic story of Cain and Able, Cain enviously slays his brother Able in a vicious outcry of jealousy and anger. For his sin, he was banished from mankind for eternity and left only to live life displaced from the routines of normal beings and forced to live among the dark and the sinful. Cain was the first of a cursed family to be exiled for the sins he committed. His punishment proved to have a drastic effect on him and the future of his blood line. His punishment spawned his dedication to holding a grudge against god himself and the unreachable light he has been denied of. After being the first born of Adam and eve, Cain went on to become a farmer of the ground, while his brother Abel followed the pursuits of a keeper of the sheep. Cain became a self-willing, vindictive man, defiant in his attitude towards God and his relation to his kin. His eternal sin was committed on the seventh day or Sunday of the week while the two brothers were presenting offerings to the lord. Abel’s offering was of the â€Å"firstlings of his flock and of the fat† (Gen. 4:4), while Cain’s â€Å"was of the fruit of the ground† (Gen. 4:3). For Abel’s sacrifice, he gave the best he had and so his offering was respected by his elders while Cain’s offering was scorned and dismissed. It was for this reason Cain brood anger towards his kin; the worst of which was focused on his younger brother Able. After his disgrace towards the lord and his family, Cain’s apathy towards his brother produced feelings of murderous intention and hatred. Sooner or later this desperate outrage led him to murder Able in raw uneventful hatred. For his sin he was expelled from Eden. From that day on he led the life of an exile, doomed to be â€Å"a fugitive and wanderer in the earth† (Gen. 4:12) and denied the rights of a normal man, only to bare the mark of a sinner and warning to others. With this Cain walked into the land of Nod (unknown, evil, dark), only to leave a legacy felt by the generations of his offspring. When Cain killed Able, he ignited the eternal flame of a cursed family. From Cain’s blood came â€Å"the curse of his exile and sprang ogres and elves and evil phantoms and the giants too† (Beowulf. Pg. 35), darkness entailed is legacy and evil embodied his future. Grendel is a descendant of Cain, so he shares Cain’s exile from all that is good and light. Cain may have been the  first displaced person after Adam and Eve, but he was not the last. Grendel shares his ancestor’s punishment, he is exiled not only from whatever land or wealth he would have had if he were â€Å"human†, but he is also abandoned by God and all who followed and indulge in his faith and grandeur. It is this abandonment that causes Grendel to destroy and murder. â€Å"The treasure seat, he was kept from approaching; he was the Lords outcast† (Beowulf pg.36), since he cannot approach the throne of the Lord like the rest of mankind, he chooses to attempt to destroy it. He has no love for God and his children if he can not be with them â€Å"hand in hand†. However, unlike Cain and his parents, Grendel is doomed from his creation by being conceived into a blood line stricken by an eternity of banishment from God’s light because of Cain’s sin against his brother. It is for this reason why Grendel kills. He can never be in the light because he is constantly fighting a lonely war against God and all of his creations. Because of his expulsion from that which is good, he is moreover discarded by everything that follows in the wake of gods will (people, society, life, etc.). The text refers to him as â€Å"spurned and joyless† (Beowulf pg. 47); it is no wonder why Grendel was considered so monstrous. He did not accept his banishment without fighting back. Like most people who are enraged and apathetic and then placed between a â€Å"rock and a hard place† he fought back â€Å"insensible to pain and human sorrow† (Beowulf pg. 35) for those he murdered. The reason behind his actions is not because he is an unruly monster, but instead, he is overwhelmed by jealousy because he is not able to share in the spoils god has made accessible to humanity. With this in mind, if Grendel can not step into the light and become part of the life as witnessed from the outside. Then he will destroy it and leave it for no one. Just as Cain did before him, Grendel will never be content with himself as long as he must bare witness to the celebrating of life and love enjoyed by all whom lavish in the glow of Gods hands. Whether it is Grendel or his ancestor Cain, they both suffer from the agony of trying to survive in a world as cursed beings, forced to loath around in the outskirts of the cold night and the loneliness of a sun scorched day. After destroying the perfect image of a content person in the name of jealousy and anger, Cain; forbidden to enter the known world forever,  created a sphere of influence which played into the future of his children and his grandchildren’s children and so on. Even though the mark of Cain is not evident on Grendel’s physical characteristics, the presence of his cursed nature is. He like Cain suffers from an abandonment of faith and humanity. As outcasts they both find resentment and hatred towards the things they want most, whether it’s acknowledgement by god and all that is good in the world or the ability to wander freely without fear of ridicule and hostility. To humanity they pose a threat worse then the sum of most people’s fears. They represent all that is bad in the world and as a result find themselves rejected by everything good the world has to offer. It is circumstances like these that have proven to bring out the worst in a person, such as they did in Cain and his later ancestor Grendel. What would you expect from those forced to live among the displaced in a world resentful of there existence. Instead of being accepted for there misfortunes and forgiven for there sins, they where rejected for what they where and what they had become, resulting in a creature motivated by pain and apathy inflicted by the keeper of there being and the audience of there lives.

Comparing Hedonistic and Utilitarian Products Essay

Utilitarian Consumption: The consumption of products has tangible benefit for consumer. In western culture, such products are often labeled as practical or necessary. Utilitarian products are purchased and consumed to satisfy consumer’s practical or functional needs. Utilitarian consumer behavior has been described as ergic, task-related and rational. In the marketing literature choice and decision with respect to utilitarian products and informed by the utility maximizing perspective. Thus the consumption of utilitarian products is more instrumental. The motivation initiating the need for a utilitarian product suggests that these products are primarily thought of in terms of their functional performance. Hedonic Consumption: The consumption of products for fun, amusement, fantasy, arousal, sensory stimulation, or enjoyment. Hedonic, pleasure-oriented consumption is motivated by the desire for sensual pleasure and fun. In western culture such products are often labeled as frivolous or decadent. The concept of hedonic consumption recognizes that individuals consume many types of products because of the feelings and images that are associated with the product. The cognitive motives driving the consumption of hedonic products are arguably the need to satisfy symbolic and value-expressive motives such as ego gratification, social acceptance and intellectual. Hedonic products have pleasure potential whereas utilitarian products perform functions in everyday life. Products with pleasure potential provide intangible, symbolic benefits and are likely to hold greater potential for evoking positive emotions in a consumer. Consumer decision making process: Consumers are often faced with these types of choices between hedonic and utilitarian alternatives that are at least partly driven by emotional desires rather than cold cognitive deliberations. Hence, these choices represent an important domain of consumer decision-making. Yet much of the pioneering work in behavioral decision theory has largely focused on the cognitive aspects of decision-making without exploring its emotional dimensions. Consumer decision is driven by functionality, usage and benefits out of various functions of product in the case of utilitarian consumption. But the decision making process is obsessed by symbolism, status, value-expression and social acceptance. For example: the decision of buying bread is driven is by its generic functions and attributes not by brand or image, which are already underlined and understood by every consumer. In case of designer suit the decision is influenced by its brand, image, labels and certain associations like brand ambassador , designer and promoters or co-owner also.

Dante Club

The Dante Club begins with the murder of fictional Chief Justice Judge Healey, who had avoided taking a position to stop or support the escaped slaves of the South. Found by his chambermaid near a white flag atop a short wooden staff, Healey had been hit in the head and then left in his garden to be eaten alive by strategically placed maggots and stung by hornets. Holmes, who examines the body for the police, recognizes the correlation between the murder and the punishments seen in Dante's Inferno.Then Reverend Talbot, who was paid by the Harvard Corporation to write against Dante, was found dead in an underground cemetery, buried up to his waist upside down, his feet burnt. Members of the Dante Club, a group of poets translating The Divine Comedy from Italian into English, notice the parallels between the murders and the punishments detailed in Dante's Inferno. The club, including Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. , and James Russell Lowell, sets out to solve th e murders, fearing that the truth will ruin Dante's burgeoning reputation in America, thus making their translation a failure.Then, Phineas Jennison, both a wealthy contributor to the Harvard Corporation and friend to the translators (a â€Å"schismatic†), is sliced open exactly down the middle—all killed in extreme fashion and undeniable resemblance to the punishments of people in Dante's Inferno. Eventually, the murderer is discovered to be a former Civil War Soldier Dan Teal, a man who worked at Ticknor and Fields. Driven partly mad by the trauma of his war experiences, Teal hears Dante Club member George Washington Greene giving sermons on Dante, and becomes convinced that Dante alone understood the need for perfect justice in the world.With protecting Dante as his sole motivation, Teal takes it upon himself to release Hell's punishments as indicated by Dante, in order to purify the city. Teal finds each of his victims when learning of their involvement in the stop ping of the translations, which become their respective sins. The club eventually tries to capture him, with the aid of Boston's first African-American policeman Nicholas Rey, the only other person who saw the connection, while attempting to punish Harvard Treasurer Dr. Manning and Pliny Mead (â€Å"the traitors†). Mead was a student of the Dante course who helped betray his eacher by cooperating with Manning. He later fled when the club attempted to punish him for his involvement in stopping the translation of the Inferno. They later encounter him as he tries to round up the translators, to punish them for not embracing his â€Å"work. † Dr. Manning—saved by Longfellow, Holmes, Rey, Lowell, and Fields—realizes the situation as he recovered from his attempted punishment of being buried naked in ice. He sees Teal on the street with a gun to Longfellow, and Manning ends the murderer's life, thus returning the city to normal.

Cycle of poverty Essay

  Explain the critical importance of poverty in affecting outcomes and life chances: Experiencing poverty does not only affect children and young people in the immediate term but also goes onto affect them into adulthood, in other words children and young people do not adapt to this living environment. Poverty shows its damage to Children or young people in different outcomes such as Education & Health. Education – Research tells us that children and young people from poor families are lower down in their levels of education across all stages of the curriculum. A gap of nine months (on average) in learning shows poorer children to be behind that of Children coming from wealthy families when both groups of children are only 3 years of age (the brain is at this age is 80% developed). This gap increases as children remaining in poverty become older when compared to children of the same age that come from more affluent backgrounds. By the age of 11 Children who receive free school meals (sometimes their only meal of the day as children can suffer from malnutrition as a result of poverty) are estimated to be nearly 3 times behind that of children classed as living outside of poverty and alarmingly as the child becomes older the gap in attaining a good level of education increases until they finish secondary school. In addition children from low income families cannot afford to go on school trips they can’t invite friends around for tea. Health – Poverty is linked with increased illnesses e.g. children from wealthier families should not be exposed to damp living conditions. Bad housing causes over-crowded sleeping conditions and along with other factors can have a  mental and physical developmental affect to the child or young person. Premature death is found to be higher as this can have an effect from as early as the unborn baby and goes right into adulthood (professionals live, on average, 8 years longer when compared to unskilled workers). The damage that poverty causes all interlinks, bad housing causing lack of sleep effects concentration levels at school, sickness causes more days from school, social and language skills not built on by not having friends come to tea – home learning, these are only a few examples but still show that they all have an effect on a child or young persons education/development in one way or another. Poor education is linked to un-employment or low income, (this could lead to criminal activity), unemployment/low income is linked to poverty and thus a repeated cycle. 1.3 Analyse a strategic national or local policy that has positive impact on outcomes and life chances for children and young people: The Child Poverty Act obtained Royal Assent on 25 March 2010. This legislation ensures sustained action must be taken to tackle child poverty by this, and future, governments, by the devolved administrations and by local government and their partners. Measuring success The Act sets four challenging UK-wide targets to be met by 2020. These targets are based on the proportion of children living in: relative low income (whether the incomes of the poorest families are keeping pace with the growth of incomes in the economy as a whole) – target is less than ten per cent combined low income and material deprivation (a wider measure of people’s living standards) – target is less than five per cent absolute low income (whether the poorest families are seeing their income rise in real terms) – target is less than five per cent persistent poverty (length of time in poverty) – target is to be set in regulations by 2015 1.4 Explain why strategic direction from national and local policy is required to address factors impacting on outcomes and life chances for children and young people: Strategic direction from national and local policy is required to ensure it reaches every child and young person, by initially completing policy on a national level will allow every factor that has a negative impact on a child’s outcome and is/or detrimental to their life chances to be included as it is has been completed across the nation (taking into  account various reports and completed research projects) and not pockets of areas which may not give the whole picture or areas that need to be addressed – ensuring a more accurate outcome and more detailed information to learn from. All children should be offered the same opportunities. Local policy will be based on national policy but with information relevant to the local area (e.g. contact details, list of professional bodies etc.) Children centres (Sure Start) compare statistics and report them into local government, such as dental hygiene and feed this information back into local government this information can identify the most deprived areas in their county such Staple Hill and Cadbury Heath for South Gloucestershire, the remaining Sure Start centres can then be identified to be located for the most disadvantaged and support and resources concentrated into these centres. 2. Understand how poverty and disadvantage affect children and young people’s development. 2.1 Analyse how poverty and disadvantage may affect children and young people: To touch on points raised under section 1; Physical Development – bad housing and over-crowding can effect a child’s or young person’s physical development in terms of growth, particularly over-crowding in beds. Physical activity is restricted due to the increase of illness or disability – up to 25% increase in comparison to a child not living in poverty. Social and emotional Development – Socially a child or young person can suffer as poverty restricts a child being able to make friends, teasing can occur due to a how a child is dressed and presented. Clothes can smell due to poor living conditions (damp & mould). Behaviour issues such as hyperactivity and impulsivity are also linked to living in poverty, this will affect the ability to make or keep relations with both peers and teachers. Many children are aware of their parent’s financial situation and worry causing them to suffer increased stress levels, due to the child’s awareness of the burden of financial hardship the child is likely to keep these feelings to him/herself. Mental Health issues such as anxiety and depression are 3 to 4 times more likely to occur when again compared to their peers not suffering from living in poverty. These issues in adult hood can result in difficulties in forming relationships or the need to feel accepted can mean the choice to form â€Å"unhealthy† relationship/s. Communication development – This is found to be delayed in children living in poverty – friendships not forming, unable to invite  friends around to their house all aids communication skills without these home learning experiences may contribute to delayed speech development. Parents will have an impact on a child’s communication development. Interaction with parents maybe reduced Intellectual development learning – Research tells us that the cognitive development of a child is greatly reduced when compared to that of a child that is in a warm, loving, authoritive, learning environment. Evidence shows that the brain growth of a child just at the age of 2 is hugely under developed when compared to that of a child that receives these factors. 3. Understand the importance of early intervention for children and young people who are disadvantaged and vulnerable: 3.1 Explain what is meant by both disadvantage and vulnerability: Disadvantage – An unfavourable condition or circumstance or something that places one in an unfavourable condition or circumstance – examples are shown in 1.1 Vulnerability – â€Å"The risk of physical or emotional harm/injury† – again examples of these is show in answer 1.1 3.2 Explain the importance of early intervention for disadvantaged and/or vulnerable children and young people Research tells us that early intervention is crucial in a child’s life, providing the right amount of social and emotional exposure allows a child between the ages of 0-3 years reach their full potential, at the age of 22 months a child’s educational level can be a predicator of their educational achievements at the age of 26 years, thus reducing unemployment and low paid income jobs and therefore better living conditions. This right level of exposure also assists older children in becoming good parents, being good parents and â€Å"what they do† is more important in a child’s early life than wealth, class, education or any other common social factor (leads into providing their child/children with the correct social and emotional exposure. To add to my statement in section 1 – a baby is born with 25% of the brain and by the age of 3 the brain is at 80%, this is a very fast development rate and any bad parenting or neglect can impact a child’s emotional wellbeing into adulthood. Adults found to be â€Å"at risk† when at the age of 3 are found to have 2.5 times more convictions when compared to adults who were not â€Å"at risk† at the same age of 3 , early intervention would reduce this along with improved mental and physical health, teenage  pregnancy, substance abuse and violence – the poverty cycle is being broken. 3.3 Evaluate the impact of early intervention (to follow on from 3.2); Early intervention is crucial as this helps to assist children and their families who need that extra support sometimes in areas – financial as well as socially and emotionally. Providing additional resources (e.g. Health visitors) and financial aid from the government is vital to be able to provide the necessary focus/advice/support groups that can be for children or for the family unit, the range of expertise help goes across the board and has been set up so that help can be offered to suit the child’s/children’s and families own circumstances. Providing early intervention tackles escalating issues that lead into a child’s adult life, e.g. a child with learning difficulties will need support and extra help, without this the child will feel frustrated which will result in behavioural problems, if ignored the cycle will continue and may lead to exclusion/ leaving school early. This will probably have a negative effect on the child’s future, examples of this are drug abuse or seeking employment, the adult may then turn to crime and the result will be prison. Therefore early intervention is crucial as it gives the child the opportunity to meet his full potential and this will allow the child to gain the best possible outcome and life chances. Research also tells us that families with disabled children or complex health needs welcomed early support by professional bodies, this expertise again benefits the child’s wellbeing and future along with the family as a whole. 4. Understand the importance of support and partnership in improving outcomes for young people and children who are experiencing poverty and disadvantage: 4.1 Research the policy and guidance on impacting on support services at national level, and evaluate how this operates at local level: I have researched policies (Graham Allen Review, Children Plan policy and Every Child Matters) and the impact of support services, one policy in particular (the children’s plan policy), the basis of the policy has come from the ECM policy which underpins all policies such as the EYFS framework, Multi agencies working together etc.. The Children Plan policy talks about the  role of parent partnerships in helping to eradicating child poverty by their role in helping their children to reach their full learning potential. This policy is now archived mainly due to the closure of numerous Surestart centres, however whilst completing this assignment I have am aware of the government’s plan to increase family practise nurses – over 4,000. My setting is located on the same premises as a Surestart centre and we are in close contact with the centre often sharing information, so I know the benefits they offer and support it offers to parents/carers, however on reflection the surestart centres are reliant on the â€Å"needing† to visit their centres and this maybe where they fall short, as I would suggest it is the most needing that shy away from attending. I can therefore see how there needs to be balance, a contact FPN (family practice nurse) engaging and visiting families that do access these facilities by visiting their home, the first steps is taken, next by gaining trust, advice can then be given on support within the wider network such as support classes held with the surestart centres. Local government are using the remaining centres to provide availability for the most disadvantaged/vulnerable 2 year olds that will be eligible for the two year old funding with the aim to break the poverty cycle and with the family practice nurses targeting their families from their most deprived areas. This works if the family practise nurse is an expert in her field and the government have provided enough FPN’s to cover the need. 4.2 Explain how carers can be engaged in strategic planning of services: By working together parents and carers can engage in the strategic planning of services with practitioners and other professional’ s. The parent and carer is vital in supporting a child’s development, they are often the child’s first experience and act as the child’s role model in life. Parents/carers can help identify early on any learning needs, this will help to highlight any areas of learning difficulties, by doing this a plan of action (e.g. permission given for additional observations, assessments and meetings) can be agreed upon by all parties which will aid in supporting the child’s development. To assist practitioners and themselves, courses and/or classes are available through support groups, such as SureStart for parents and carers, this will help with understanding the importance of supporting services, this can be areas such as the importance of home learning (up to 70% of the EYFS framework cane par  be learnt/experienced in a supportive home learning environment) and making positive relations between parent/s and their child, again of which will help in the planning and outcome of a child’s development. If circumstances are that thent or carer is under multi-agency involvement the parents can feel over whelmed and anxious so in these situation good relations between parties are vital as this will aid parental co-operation. It is important to note that to make partnerships successful clear and concise communication back to the parent is key, practitioners and multi-agencies should share all relevant information, this can be done in forms of questionnaires, feedback forms, key worker appointment, group meetings etc. CAF (common assessment framework) can help support children, it can identify the correct professional to help with extra support. THE CAF is voluntary, parents/carers can choose to be involved, they also have a say who they would like to help co-ordinate their action plan. This plan will record what is working well for their child/family, signs of progress are the biggest motivator and will show parents/carers the importance of being engaged in the strategic planning processes. 4.3 Analyse how practitioners can encourage carers to support children and young people’s learning and development: Following on from 4.2 – Practitioners can offer encouragement through keyworker meetings, newsletters, being readily approachable, parent’s evenings, information hand-outs, â€Å"WOW† slips and information on the settings website. Practitioners and settings should also be knowledgeable on other professional bodies, know how they can help and what they can offer to carers/parents along with contact details and have the other bodies information leaflets so that they can be given to parents if needed. It is important for settings to be in partnership with parents so that home learning works alongside their learning steps whilst in pre-school, this can be detailed within the child’s learning journal. It is also important to know the child, this knowledge will improve relations with parents forming an element of trust, which should then help the practitioner to guide and encourage the parent and carer to further support their child’s development. 4.4 Explain how interface with adult services is structured so the needs of children and young people whose carers are users of services are taken into account: For example, Surestart centres are structured for the needs of the adults and the children in their care as they are often on  the same grounds or very near local schools and are easily accessible to the community. The adults are able to attend practical courses that often involve their children. They have fabulous resources and stimulating rooms that are centred around children of the early year’s age group. They also have amazing out door areas. The centres are a centre point in providing information help and support to all adults and will contact other professional bodies for the adults if needs be, they also offer courses within their centres. They run groups that cater for adults with children for example, father/male carer and child day, foster carers and toddler groups, parenting classes. 5. Understand the role of the practitioner in supporting children and young people who are vulnerable and experiencing poverty and disadvantage. 5.1 Explain how positive practice with children and young people who are experiencing poverty and disadvantage may increase resilience and self-confidence. Children from a background of poverty or disadvantage may not experience positive interaction whilst at home. This may cause self-confidence issues and/or low self-esteem. Positive interaction from practitioner’s maybe the only positive interaction they receive. Through learning and achievements at pre-school will start to build confidence and a child’s own belief that they can do it and do have the skills and abilities to successfully face and complete challenges. This success will encourage and promote self-belief and may increase a child’s resilience should they suffer negative interaction whilst at home. Positive practice also builds on a child’s social and emotional skills, areas that may be under developed due to poor parenting this self confidence will also lead onto assist in their educational achievements. 5.2 Explain why it is important for practitioners to have high expectations of and ambitions for all children and young people regardless of their background and circumstances. Children and young people regardless of their background should be whilst attending good early year’s settings as it helps promote development and help combat gaps in areas such as social skills. The EPPE report shows that by the time children leave pre-school the developments gaps between their peers (from a wealthier background) evens out as the child starts primary school. High expectations and ambitions allows a practitioner and child ascertain their learning boundaries and a pre-empted low expectation of a child due to background can result in the child not  achieving their full potential. Every child should be given the same opportunities regardless of class or background. 5.3 Analyse how and why practitioners should act as agents and facilitators of change in own work setting. Practitioners acts as agents and facilitators by accepting and understanding the need for change, this can be following partnership with parents/carers, revised and/or new policies that need to be implemented, working with other professional agencies. It can also be done through professional development as a result of peer observations. Policies can either be updated or newly published, these policies are released after research and studies being completed, new policies, such as the Poverty act 2010 or the new EYFS framework will be issued with the best interest of the child and/or families in mind. These changes are therefore necessary to be implemented by the practitioners for the benefit of their keyworker children. Without adjusting or implementing change or practices could be damaging to the child/children. Changes may also be necessary due to interventions with other agencies – such as a CAF report, these changes maybe be individual to the child but found necessary after conclusion made by other professionals. We are continually learning on the best approaches and the support/changes that should be offered to children suffering poverty and vulnerability, if the practitioner is unwilling to make these changes at the first step the child will continue to be deprived of the opportunity to reach their full potential.