Answer to Chapter 1 Introduction to Derivatives & Risk Management, Chance, Brooks.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1. (Market Efficiency and Theoretical Fair Value) An efficient market is one in which prices reflect the true economic values of the assets trading therein. In efficient markets, no one can earn returns that are more than commensurate with the level of risk. Efficient markets are characterized by low transaction costs and by the rapid rate at which new information is incorporated into prices. 2. (Arbitrage and the Law of One Price) Arbitrage is a type of investment transaction that seeks to profit when identical goods are priced differently. Buying an item at one price and immediately selling it at another is a type of arbitrage. Because of the combined activities of arbitrageurs, identical goods, primarily financial assets, cannot sell for different prices for long. This is the law of one price. Arbitrage helps make our markets efficient by assuring that prices are in line with what they are supposed to be. In short, we cannot get something for nothing. A situation involving two identical goods or portfolios that are not priced equivalently would be exploited by arbitrageurs until their prices were equal. The â€Å"one price† that an asset must be is called the â€Å"theoretical fair value. † 3. (Arbitrage and the Law of One Price) The law of one price is violated if the same good is selling at different prices. On the surface it may appear as if that is the case; however, it is important to look beneath the surface to determine if the goods are identical. Part of the cost of the good is convenience and customer service. Some consumers might be willing to pay more because the dealer is located in a more desirable section of town. Also, the higher priced dealer may have a better reputation for service and customer satisfaction. Buyers may be willing to pay more if they feel that the premium they pay helps assure them that they are getting a fair deal. It is important to note that many goods are indeed identical and, if so, they should sell at the same price, but the Law of One Price is not violated if the price differential accounts for some economic value. 4. (The Storage Mechanism) Storage is simply holding the asset. Some assets, like commodities, require considerable storage space and entail significant storage costs. Others, like stocks and bonds, do not consume much space but, as we shall see later, do incur costs. Storage enables us to more adequately meet our consumption needs and, thus, provides for a more efficient alteration of our consumption patterns across time. For example, we can store grains for the winter. In the case of stocks and bonds, we can store them and sell them later. The proceeds from the sale of the securities can be used to meet consumption needs at the later time. Likewise, storage enables speculators to hold goods and securities in the hope of selling them later at a profit. In addition, storage plays an important role in defining the relationship between spot instruments and derivatives. 5. (Delivery and Settlement) In futures markets, delivery seldom occurs. Since delivery is always possible, however, an expiring futures contract will be priced like the spot instrument. The knowledge that futures prices will eventually converge to spot prices is important to the pricing of futures contracts. 6. The Role of Derivative Markets) Derivative markets provide a means of adjusting the risk of spot market investments to a more acceptable level and identifying the consensus market beliefs. They make trading easier and less costly and spot markets more efficient. These markets also provide a means of speculating. 7. (Criticisms of Derivatives Markets) On the surface, it may be difficult to distinguish speculation from gambling. Both entail high risk w ith the expectation of high gain. The major difference that makes speculation somewhat more socially acceptable is that it offers benefits to society not conveyed by gambling. For example, speculators are necessary to assume the risk not wanted by others. In gambling, there is no risk being hedged. Gamblers simply accept risk without there being a concomitant reduction in someone else's risk. 8. (Misuses of Derivatives) Derivatives can be misused by speculating when one should be hedging, by not having acquired the requisite knowledge to use them properly by acting irresponsibly when using derivatives such as by being overly confident of one’s ability to forecast the direction of the market. 9. The Role of Derivative Markets) The existence of derivative markets in the United States economy and indeed throughout most modern countries of the world undoubtedly leads to a much higher degree of market efficiency. Derivatives facilitate the activities of individual arbitrageurs so that unequal prices of identical goods are arbitraged until they are equal. Because of the large number of arbitrageurs, this is a quick and efficient process. Arbitrage on this large a scale makes markets less capable of being manipulated, less costly to trade in, and therefore more attractive to investors. The opportunity to hedge also makes the markets more attractive to investors in managing risk. ) This is not to say that an economy without derivative markets would be inefficient, but it would not have the advantage of this arbitrage on a large scale. It is important to note that the derivative markets do not necessarily make the U. S. or world economy any larger or wealthier. The basic wealth, expected returns, and risks of the economy would be about the same without these markets. Derivatives simply create lower cost opportunities for investors to align their risks at more satisfactory levels. This may not necessarily make them wealthier, but to the extent that it makes them more satisfied with their positions, it serves a valuable purpose. 10. (Return and Risk) Return is the numerical measure of investment performance. There are two main measures of return, dollar return and percentage return. Dollar return measures investment performance as total dollar profit or loss. For example, the dollar return for stocks is the dollar profit from the change in stock price plus any cash dividends paid. It represents the absolute performance. Percentage return measures investment performance per dollar invested. It represents the percentage increase in the investor’s wealth that results from making the investment. In the case of stocks, the return is the percentage change in price plus the dividend yield. The concept of return also applies to options, but, as we shall see later, the definition of the return on a futures or forward contract is somewhat unclear. 1. (Repurchase Agreements) A repurchase agreement (known as repos) is a legal contract between a seller and a buyer, the seller agrees to sell a specified asset to the buyer currently as well as buy it back usually at a specified time in the future at an agreed future price. The seller is effectively borrowing money from the buyer at an implied interest rate. Typically, repos involve low risk secur ities, such as U. S. Treasury bills. Repos are useful because they provide a great deal of flexibility to both the borrower and lender. Derivatives traders often need to be able to borrow and lend money in the most cost-effective manner possible. Repos are often a very low cost way of borrowing money, particularly if the firm holds government securities. Repos are a way to earn interest on short-term funds with minimal risk (for buyers) and repos are a way to borrow for short-term needs at a relatively low cost (for sellers). 12. (Derivative Markets and Instruments) An option is a contract between two parties—a buyer and a seller—that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell something at a later date at a price agreed upon today. The option buyer pays the seller a sum of money called the price or premium. The option seller stands ready to sell or buy according to the contract terms if and when the buyer so desires. An option to buy something is referred to as a call; an option to sell something is called a put. A forward contract is a contract between two parties—a buyer and a seller—to purchase or sell something at a later date at a price agreed upon today. A forward contract sounds a lot like an option, but an option carries the right, not the obligation, to go through with the transaction. If the price of the underlying good changes, the option holder may decide to forgo buying or selling at the fixed price. On the other hand, the two parties in a forward contract incur the obligation to ultimately buy and sell the good. 13. (The Underlying Asset) Because all derivatives are based on the random performance of something, the word â€Å"derivative† is appropriate. The derivative derives its value from the performance of something else. That â€Å"something else† is often referred to as the underlying asset. The term underlying asset, however, is somewhat confusing and misleading. For instance, the underlying asset might be a stock, bond, currency, or commodity, all of which are assets. However, the underlying â€Å"asset† might also be some other random element such as the weather, which is not an asset. It might even be another derivative, such as a futures contract or an option.

The Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition

The Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition Steven Van Dusen The current manufacturing practices of the sneaker industry, in particular companies such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, takes place throughout the globe. With the industry experiencing severe competition, and the product requiring intensive labor, firms are facing extreme pressure to increase their profit margins through their sourcing practices. The following paper will analyze the sneaker industry, while examining the multitude of viable manufacturing options, and critiquing their current manufacturing structure. Footwear Industry – Players, Revenues, Market Share To properly review the manufacturing in the footwear industry, it is necessary to first gain an understanding of the dominant leaders in the marketplace. The industry is currently experiencing hypercompetition, led by six main firms – Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Fila, Converse, and New Balance (see exhibit 1), with nearly $7 billion in revenues domestically. Nike is the industry leader, with a 47% market share, followed by Reebok, a distant second at 16%, and Adidas at 6% (see exhibit 2). This category is facing decreasing demand and the rising popularity of alternative footwear, resulting in more pressure than ever before to achieve high gross margins through effective global sourcing practices. Manufacturing options Footwear companies have two basic options in the manufacturing of their products, they can both own and operate the factories that produce their products, or subcontract their products out to secondary manufacturers. These facilities can be located either domestically or internationally, and both present a myriad of positives and negatives. Firms that produce domestically benefit from ease of monitoring, skilled workforce, government stability, job creation, and well understood labor rules, while suffering from the relatively high wages required in the U. S. as compared to developing countries. By manufacturing products overseas, in particular in third world economies, tremendous efficiencies are gained in the form of reduced wages, but are countered by the increased difficulty of monitoring the quality of their products and the actual working conditions in the factories. Companies that are vertically integrated, who own and operate the factories where their products are manufactured, are faced with large capital expenditure requirements and the management of the factories themselves, resulting in lower profit margins. Strategic Outsourcing In analyzing the sneaker industry, we are faced with the question, â€Å"What are these firms core competencies? † If manufacturing falls under this umbrella, then firms should look to produce internally. However, the core skills that set these companies apart from the competition, are their marketing, distribution, and technological expertise. Applying the dominant sneaker companies areas of expertise, let’s review the following questions: Is internalization a source of competitive advantage? Is manufacturing a skill our firm does better than anybody else? Will firms be able to leverage their manufacturing expertise in the future? Are we releasing any of the firm’s proprietary skills/information by outsourcing? With all of the above questions posed to any of the big four sneaker companies, they would respond with a resounding â€Å"no†. Therefore, in today’s global environment, the most strategically viable manufacturing strategy is the outsourcing of their products. The efficiencies that are gained, in the form of shifting of risk, reduced capital requirements, lower wages, and ability to focus on their core competencies, strongly outweigh all other manufacturing options. The Evolution of Manufacturing in Third World Countries As the economies of countries around world expand, so does their ability and skill level in all facets of manufacturing. Beginning in London in the early 1900’s, and followed through to the present day, manufacturing in its simplest form consists of light manufacturing, which uses unskilled labor to produce items such as shirts, shorts, and jeans. As the economy develops along with the skill of manufacturing, countries begin moderately technical light manufacturing, which includes footwear, outerwear and, performance sportswear. The next step in this growth involves the production of technical consumer products such as radios, calculators, and wristwatches. With the most developed economies gaining high levels of technical expertise, manufacturing grows to include technical durables, which includes automobiles and computers. This progression represents the advancement of economies throughout the world today, and provides the reasoning behind sneaker companies manufacturing beginning in the United States and Germany, and passing through Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, to its present day central areas of China, Indonesia, and Vietnam. As these three countries progress over the next decade, and large amounts of new capital is pumped into their economies, their standard of living will rise along with their manufacturing expertise. Companies will be forced to relocate their manufacturing in countries such as Cambodia, Pakistan, and underdeveloped regions of Africa in search of lower wages. Nike Nike currently enjoys a 47% market share of the domestic footwear industry, with sales of $3. 77 billion. Nike has been manufacturing throughout the Asian region for over twenty-five years, and there are over 500,000 people today directly engaged in the production of their products. They utilize an outsourcing strategy, using only subcontractors throughout the globe. Their majority of their output today is produced in factories in China, Indonesia, and Vietnam, but they also have factories in Italy, the Philippines, Taiwan, and South Korea. These factories are 100% owned by subcontractors, with the majority of their output consisting solely of Nike products. However, Nike does employ teams of four expatriates per each of the big three countries (China, Indonesia, Vietnam), that focus on both quality of product and quality of working conditions, visiting the factories weekly. They also developed their code of conduct in 1992 and have implemented it across the globe, as its goal is to set the standard for subcontractors to follow if they wish to do business with Nike. However, due to a manufacturing network of this magnitude, they have faced numerous violations involving factory conditions and human rights issues, which have been widely publicized. They have responded to these issues through the Andrew Young report, the Dartmouth Study, and Ernst & Young’s continual monitoring, but are still approximately two years away from completely addressing these problems throughout the globe. Reebok Reebok, as the second leading manufacturer of footwear, has domestic revenues of $1. 28 billion and a market share of 16%. Similar to Nike, they also utilize a 100% outsourcing strategy and manufacture their products throughout Asia. They have created and implemented their own code of conduct for manufactures to follow, but have less infrastructure than Nike across the globe to enforce it. They are facing scrutiny in regards to wage, overtime, and air quality issues, and like Nike, are working to address these issues. However, their strength, the creation and distribution of a global brand, is allowed to foster under this manufacturing strategy, as they focus on their core competencies, and outsource their production. Adidas Adidas is currently enjoying the fastest growth of any brand domestically, with a market share of 6% and revenues of $500 million. They have been shielded from bad publicity by the two Goliath’s of the industry, Nike and Reebok, and are reaping the rewards substantially. They have adjusted their manufacturing strategy, from a vertical operation in Germany in the 60’s and 70’s, to an outsourcing focus today throughout Asia. Unlike the big two, they do not have a code of conduct, and their factories are considered to be the worst in the industry. It is just a matter of time before they are exposed, with an underground swelling of negativity already occurring today. In order to avoid the negative effects and lost revenues that Nike and Reebok have received, they need to immediately begin to take a proactive stance in regards to the working conditions of their factories. Converse With a market share of 3% and revenues of $280 million, Converse manufactures their products both domestically and internationally. It is important to note that the only product they continue to manufacture in the U. S. oday, is the Chuck Taylor All Star, with plants in Lumberton, NC and Mission, TX. This is a product where the â€Å"Made in the USA† label is crucial to its success, and internalization is a source of competitive advantage. These two factors serving as the sole reason why the production remains within the U. S. All other shoe models are outsourced in Asia, with the explanation of reduced wages driving this strategy. Converse, lik e Adidas, must also generate a higher degree of internal monitoring of their subcontractors, or they will soon face increased scrutiny New Balance New Balance is the one company that has kept a substantial amount of manufacturing in the United States, and has a 3% market share with sales of $260 million. They currently operate five plants in New England, employing over 1400 workers, that produces 50% of their output. With this mixed strategy, of vertical integration and outsourcing, they are very unique, with their strategic reasoning based on the advantages gained through higher levels of quality domestically, and the â€Å"Made in the USA† label. They are in a highly specialized, niche business, running shoes, and closeness of factories is more essential to their customer base than the other companies because of special orders. For their most technical products they employ outsourcing, following the strategy of their competitors. Although there is something to be said for manufacturing domestically, they are straying away from the skills that they do better than anybody else – the design and marketing of the premier running shoe in the industry. Their long-term strategy should shift to a 100% outsourcing model, allowing them to control this niche for the future. Summary Manufacturing in the footwear industry has evolved dramatically over the course of the last century. As economies grow and skills are enhanced, production has been forced to spread to less developed regions around the world. While Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance each have their own manufacturing structure, the reason behind their rise to dominance in this industry is their ability to focus on the core skills that they perform better than anybody else. The outsourcing trend that dominates the industry today will only increase in the future. The major issues facing these firms today, working conditions and human rights, must be addressed in the short-term. Through either one firm’s leadership, or all footwear companies strategically aligning, these issues will be addressed; the question is â€Å"Just how long will it take before the footwear companies say Just Do It? † Copyright, 1998 Van Dusen, INTS 092 UNC – Chapel Hill

Supervisory roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supervisory roles - Essay Example Because the interviewee held a supervisory role at a local bookstore, there were around 15 employees that he has been supervising. The management responsibilities of a store supervisor initially revolve around the selection, hiring, and training of new employees. When these staff members have undergone the proper training and preparations for work, the store supervisor handles the responsibility for developing the schedule for staff members on a weekly or monthly basis. Because the store employs a number of sales clerks, to manage the schedule has always involved the consideration of the availability and work patterns of every personnel. Moreover, when staff members report for work, it is the job of the supervisor to establish clear communications regarding the tasks assigned for every employee as well as monitor and observe the members’ work habits. This can help ensure that their performance is satisfactory and can contribute to the store’s long-term success (Chan and Soong 22). If a store employee is incapable of accomplishing the tasks assigned by the store supervisor, the latter should then articulate the problem to the concerned employee and its possible outcomes. Probation and termination are common repercussions brought about by incompetent work; however, it is also essential that the store supervisor assists employees in identifying and practicing the measures for improving performance. On the whole, the nature of a store supervisor’s job is focused on the supervisory of service flow within the store and provision of assistance for store employees to ensure that all tasks are accomplished and a satisfactory performance is obtained. According to the interviewee, their store’s education and training requirements for store supervisors include a 2 to 3-year experience of working in similar stores and should demonstrate knowledge and ability in supervising a store, training individuals, communication, and store operations. Moral conduct and positive attitudes should also be exemplified. Nonetheless, despite the requirements necessary to become a store supervisor, further training had been provided to the store’s members, from floor employees to store supervisors and managers, to ensure high levels of performance. My interviewee had undergone training to improve worker competency with which they were provided with information and tools as a means of enhancing skills and knowledge. Certain strategies were used, including structured conferences, worker self-rating, and provision of personal feedback. An action plan had also been provided to ensure that all short-term and long-term goals and objectives were clearly outlined. For my interviewee, he believes that the three most important characteristics of a good supervisor are to be an effective administrator, an active educator, and a sincere supporter. He should be able to have clear expectations of the work in adherence to performance standards that ha ve been clearly defined and should accept the authority and power in a non-authoritarian manner. Procedures should also be clearly structured and constructive feedback must be effectively provided to workers, such as confrontation during the appropriate time as well as an honest and critical advice in such a way that the employees can be assisted in developing strength and independence. There was a time when he hired two new cashiers who had been employed part-time while attending school to finish

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Q5 - Essay Example It involves inputting relevant data, company information, and knowledge from individuals in the decision making panel as well as business models to come up with solutions to problems facing the organization as well as important decisions for the organization (Power, 2002).   My organization applies the decision support systems often to acquire and conduct an analysis of data on turnover, budgets as well as sales forecasts. The marketing strategies are often updated whenever the analysis is performed using the decision support systems. The information that is gathered by the decision support systems include; records of the organization’s assets and data warehouses. There are also relational data sources as well as proportional information on sales in recurrent weeks. The systems also gather information on the organization’s revenue projections based on the assumptions made as regards the sale of new products. The decision support systems have the benefit of maintaining efficiency among the decision makers. They enhance decision making through speedy identification of problems as well as solutions. Moreover, interpersonal communication in the organization is enhanced. Control of the organization is enhanced, and it is possible for organizational learning and training of staff to be accomplished more easily. For the management to be credible as regards the decisions that are made in the organization, the decision support systems are needed to provide fresh evidence to uphold the decision. The organizational competitiveness is increased and also empowers the decision makers to explore and discover better strategies for accomplishment of organizational decision making. It is also a major step towards automation of the organizational management as well as introduction of new methods of thinking as regards problems facing

D2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

D2 - Essay Example If the organisation does not weigh the pros and cons of change, then it ends up with serious issues in hand (Chiefele, 2012). There are various cases where the short sightedness of the management has led to serious complications. Such complications act like poison pills. The present research report presents a case study of an organisational change and evaluates it using the â€Å"Appreciative Inquiry 5D framework†. 2. Definition D2 is a French car components manufacturing company that is contemplating to shut down the production plant at Didcot in UK and shift the operational base to France. On being informed by the management the employees of the both the plants will display signs of discomfort and discontent. The discontent among the employees at the plant in France is considerably low in comparison to UK. This is due to the reason that the employees at the UK plant were expecting that the management will declare plans for large investment. Due to this the employees started expecting that the management has definite future plan for them. So the news of closure of the plant will get them by surprise. The discontent would not have reached such levels had the management decided to come up with back up plans for the laid off employees (Lindheim and Swartout, 2003). This affected trust and dependability that the employees shared with the management. ... The decision to shut off the production plant at UK came with the intent to cut down the unproductive expenses. The aim to shift the operational base to Blios in France is part of a larger plan to utilise the advanced manufacturing facility there. The other aim is to increase the production in Blios and achieve economy of scale. UK production plant happened to be the base of the product development for quite some time and it helped the company stride through the years of recession. Some of the best minds are engaged in the developments of the production at the UK base. So the management decided to shift the product development engineers back to France. It must be noted that the decision to shift and provide employment to a selected group of employees is a serious instance of favouritism or bias (Mallon and Webb, 2006). This is also one of the reasons that will aggravate the employees at UK. The product development engineers are reluctant to go to France. This may be due to various re asons but more importantly the change in place and weather and working will put them in difficulty. Till now the whole problem is discussed from the point of view of the UK employees. The levels of dissatisfaction and discontent may not be severe among the employees of production plants at Spain and France but the employees were also feeling jittery. This is mainly due to the unexpected changes that will be declared by the management (Meyer, 2000). The decisions taken on the organisational level involves paradigm shift in the whole organisation of D2. Most of the decision looks very mechanistic in nature. The mechanistic natures of the changes are not suitable for the overall development of the organisation (Moessinger, 2007). This is because of

Otis-Lennon School Ability Test Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 33

Otis-Lennon School Ability Test - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Roger has always managed to achieve an above average grade in Physical Education and Shop and even achieved a C grade in both subjects when he failed all other subjects in the first year of the 8th grade. In his second year of 8th grade, Roger achieved a B in both subjects which are quite an achievement considering he only barely passed all other subjects. Roger has demonstrated a progressive improvement in his Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT) going from below average to average by the 9th grade. The OSLAT is very important for teachers because it informs of each student’s potential. On the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT), a test used to measure academic achievement and to predict the student’s performance in college, Roger scored an 8.3 in his last two sittings which demonstrates an improvement over the previous year where he scored a 7.5. What can be discerned from these achievements is that Roger has an innate ability to improve as he was able to successfully repeat the 8th grade and was able to improve on his SAT scores with each retake in successive years. His interests in sports and mechanical aptitude are reflected in his consistency in better than average achievement in physical education and shop in school and the fact that he achieved his highest score in Mechanical on the Differential Aptitude Test. In planning his sophomore program Roger is advised to focus on those subjects that he has a greater chance of succeeding in and using in the future. For example, Roger has always done well in physical education and shop. He might want to focus on those areas in his sophomore year as he appears to do well in those subjects. He is interested in sport and appears to have a natural ability in the shop. Since he demonstrates a greater ability in Mechanical and has an opportunity to pursue a career in mechanics having inherited his grandfather’s tools, Roger might want to take every opportunity available t o him to pursue this subject in his sophomore year as well.

Interim Report for an action research Assignment

Interim Report for an action research - Assignment Example How does learning Arabic impact their education and life outcomes? The third purpose of the action research has to do with the ways that I can personally improve the process of teaching Arabic as a second language to students who are not native speakers of Arabic. The key data observation method is observation from the field, with my classroom as the field of observation, and my students and myself as the subjects of the study, relative to the learning and teaching of Arabic as a second language to non-native speakers. From the observations with another teacher of the Arabic language, Qassem, I am able to find out that there are several shortcomings at present with regard to the way we teach Arabic as a second language. These shortcomings are not failures in themselves, but are areas for improvement, derived from daily experience. These observations have led me to craft a new teaching method that I will call â€Å"correct me†. The details of that new and evolving teaching technique follow in the next section. The new technique hopefully is able to cover Arabic language learning in its various aspects: reading, speaking, writing and listening. The â€Å"Correct Me† teaching method is straightforward, but involves a keen interest in student learning, and an alert presence. At the heart of it is an intent listening and a willingness to give oneself to the students so that they may learn. This technique has two aspects. One aspect involves me making real-time corrections to student mistakes in speaking and writing Arabic. The technique involves an alert presence so that the teacher is able to spot mistakes. The second aspect involves students forming groups, and being present to one another as they converse and write in Arabic, correcting their peers as they make mistakes. For feedback, my intention is to survey students at the end of a class to find out how they find this new teaching technique: if they like it, if they are benefitting from it, and what

Critical Analysis of Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication Essay

Critical Analysis of Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication - Essay Example Fragile in the sense that the look up to any man for any comfort. In most cases, women cling to their support like a parasite, desperately demanding for help. Men, therefore, extend their arms or lift up their voices to guard the lovely woman from the jump of a rat, or the frown of a wizened cow; a mousewould be a serious threat. A Vindication of the rights of women is about fighting for the rights of women and their education. Throughout the book, it is evident that the weaker sex of mankind also has natural talents and should not be placed into competition with men and their abilities. Human nature is essentially good and is able to change its attitude towards prevailing situations on women. One of the main points in the book states that marriage should not be based on desire (Wollstonecraft, 1992). On degradation, the book is critical in blaming the male point of view and their conception of the society. Women should not be viewed as wives or sensible mothers but pleasing mistresses instead. Wollstonecraft was aware that could not instill a culture of independence from women the same way she was, she was determined to develop wiser and more independent women. Tyranny: To put forward the tyranny of man. Arguments have been put forward that are aimed at proving that men are superior to women. The two sexes are seen as being different from each other and that women are inferior. Women are not expected to possess enough strength of mind so as to be able to have virtue. From birth, women are told to take advice from their mothers (Wollstonecraft, 2009). On degradation, Wollstonecraft says that the society views women as being naturally weak women need rational education before they can be judged moral beings; if they were regarded primarily as sexual, they could not be fully human. Discrimination against women can only be remedied by the cultivation of female intellect, however, intellectual equality still need to be proven.

LinkedIn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

LinkedIn - Essay Example Slide Share is usually an under-utilized site. It is a presentation of Wikipedia and for those who love it says it remains a site that drives qualified leads for the company (Gerard, 2011). This shows that the company does not go for flashy networks but looks for those that provide the best benefits the company already offers. Additionally, LinkedIn contains ads that makes the experience of its users more robust and richer. This ensures it maintains its current users and attracts others. Through this, the company can be said to be so successful through its good strategies (Slutsky, 2010). To make LinkedIn more successful, it is vital to transform the company into a publishing hub to diversify its services. As a manager, I would lead the company into utilizing its best assets that are its 2.4 million companies and 200 million peers who use the service and link them through one large knowledge exchange platform. Through this, LinkedIn will be a professional publishing platform and valuable context will be provided for the small, medium, and large businesses who need to target and involve with professionals (Grove, 2013). In addition, business content like news articles, whitepapers, and educated discussion threads, among others that cannot be found elsewhere will be available on LinkedIn and this will ensure individuals and companies come back for more. The future strategy that LinkedIn should consider is to hang onto its walled garden method making it the professional network service. It should uphold its focus on serving professions and must not turn to another socia l network service like Facebook or Twitter. It must preserve distinctness. Lastly, it should acquire pulse which is a mobile readers application to enable its users access valuable information on the site from anywhere through their mobile phones. Through this, the company is likely to be

Landscapes and Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Landscapes and Film - Essay Example esis statement: In the film Witchfinder General, the director (say, Michael Reeves) makes use of the landscape as an effective and active container or important character to prove how beautiful landscapes can be used to portray human attitude towards violence, bloodshed, and manipulation within horror film genre. The opening scene (see, appendix-1) in the film Witchfinder General is symbolic of the director’s decision to make use of British landscape as a contrasting character against violence and bloodshed. For instance, the director blends the beautiful British landscape with the hanging of a lady by a group of witch hunters. The scenic beauty of British landscape, including villages, hills, and trees are beautifully portrayed in the film. The viewer may suspect that the director is trying to divert his/her attention from the violence and bloodshed in the film. In actual sense, the director is aware of the fact that landscape is important to a film with historical and cultural importance. If the film’s background is different, the viewers may not feel the presence of British culture. The director chose an important time period within British history (Civil War era), for his film. To be specific, the British civil society underwent rapid transformation during the Civil War. During this period, armed conflicts and unexpected rebellions were usual in the society. The fight between the rebels and the supporters of the monarchy created trouble among the mass. Besides, the civil war ended by making sure that the parliament (symbolic of the people) will be an influential factor within British politics. One can see that rural England is renowned for its scenic beauty. Within this context, Matthew Hopkins’ (say, the antagonist) unexpected arrival at the village is symbolic of the urban invasion on rural atmosphere. To be specific, the director makes use of the antagonist to prove that his arrival created trouble among the villagers and destroyed their peaceful

Pollution Problem Affecting Hong Kong Essay Example for Free

Pollution Problem Affecting Hong Kong Essay Recently, a survey was conducted concerning about the development of Hong Kong and the related air pollution issues over the last twenty years. The survey investigated the Air Pollution Index (API) of different districts in Hong Kong, including Central, Mong Kok, Kowloon City, Tung Chung and Yuen Long. According to the result, API has been growing in Central, Tung Chung and Yuen Long from 1992 to 2012. Meanwhile, the Air Pollution Index of Kowloon City and Mong Kok have been increasing within these ten years. It demonstrates that air pollution becomes serious because of the rapid development of society. Air pollution is an inevitable consequence of economic development in Hong Kong. Since there are many vehicles and factories in prosperous areas in Hong Kong, exhaust gas are created and air pollution will deteriorate. For instance, due to the construction of Hong Kong International Airport in Tung Chung in 1998, numerous airplanes taken off and landed leads to the increasingly serious pollution problems. Therefore, API has increased from 32 to 174 over these 20 years according to the data. Besides, some factories and manufacturers may be keen on the pursuit of profits but concerning less about the protection of environment. As a result, air pollution problem in Hong Kong become more severe in these ten years. The government should pay more attention to promote environmental protection. One of the feasible solutions of improving the air pollution problem is to promote environmental protection regularly. It is important for the citizens to build up their awareness of protecting environment. People need to know more about the consequences of poor air quality which may harm their health. The government may take some methods to handle the problem arising. For example, advertising through televisions, holding talks and educating the next generations. Therefore, manufacturers may take their social responsibility to reduce the damage on environment. Air pollution problem can be improved when people are concerning more about the situation. There are some possible benefits and challenges for implementing the solution. First, if the government and citizens can join hands in solving the problem, it is possible that promotion of environmental protection can meet our objectives. However, it may be difficult that the air pollution problem can be improved immediately. In long-run, laws and limitations should be introduced to improve air quality, such as introducing stricter pollution controls for factories, introducing higher registration fee of private cars and limiting the private cars on the road. As a consequence, the air quality of different areas in Hong Kong can be improved through these effective measures. In conclusion, according to the survey, the air pollution problem is increasingly serious in different prosperous districts in Hong Kong due to the economic development. There are lots of feasible and effective strategies of improving air quality. If the government and people collaborate in solving the problem, it is not far to breathe in fresh air in Hong Kong.

Understandings of Jesus Essay Example for Free

Understandings of Jesus Essay There are probably as many understandings of Jesus as there are people who write, think or speak about him. If there was one historical Jesus, we approach that Jesus through four gospels, which suggests that even without including other gospels (so called non-canonical) Christians accept some diversity of images of Jesus. One Jesus of history produced many Christs of faith. Inside and outside Christian tradition, people bring their own agendas, influenced by culture, politics, social circumstances and even sexual orientation, to what they read. Marxists see a radical Jesus who challenged the status quo. Some see a sexually libertine Jesus, some a homosexual Jesus, some a feminist Jesus, some think that Jesus was preoccupied with the end of the world, others that he had no concern about this. Some argue that Jesus taught a social ethic, others that he was only interested in saving souls for life in a future realm. Some argue that Jesus intended to lead an armed revolt against Rome. Others say that he was a pacifist. Some say that he was a good Jew who never claimed to be God, whose teaching had much in common with the Pharisees. Others argue that Jesus roundly condemned the Pharisees (Bennett, 9 –10). Pelikan’s book Jesus Through the Centuries: His Place in the History of Culture presents eighteen images of Jesus. He asks what it was that each â€Å"age brought to its portrayal of† Jesus? (Pelikan, 2) Language was an early reason why understandings of Jesus changed, due to cultural and historical context. Among the early Christians, the idea that a Messiah was expected who would usher in an era of peace or liberate Palestine from Roman rule had meaning. However, while Jews or some Jews were waiting for one or more Messiahs, Greeks and Romans had no such expectation. The Gospels were written in Greek, although Jesus had spoken Aramaic and Hebrew, so a process of translation took place. All those who think about Jesus subsequent to the first generation of those who knew him must view him through translation. The Hebrew word for Messiah was translated as â€Å"Christ† (anointed). However, this word did not carry any special religious significance for Greek speakers, so soon came to be used as a â€Å"name†, as Bennett writes, â€Å"The Greek word ‘Christ’ became rather like a modern family name: ‘Jesus Christ’ as in ‘Clinton Bennett’† (74). Christians often think that they know what Messiah means and are surprised to learn that Jews did not have a single concept but several concepts of Messiah and that Jesus did not meet any of their expectations. Here, from the perspective of Jewish identity and tradition, Jesus fails to fulfill any of the criteria for being Messiah. Subsequently, Christian thought did not spend much time clarifying Jesus’ Messianic status but focused on how he could be understood as God, or as God’s son. Cultural differences between what emerged as the Western Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church also impacted on doctrine. All Christians recognized Jesus as savior of the world but how did Jesus save? Here, the West focuses on Jesus’ death, seeing this as a substitution or sacrifice for the sins of humanity. This is predicated on the idea that all people are sinners. In Orthodoxy, salvation is more closely linked with the beginning, not end, of Jesus’ life. Timothy Ware writes, â€Å"Where Orthodoxy sees chiefly Christ the Victor, the late medieval and post-medieval West sees chiefly Christ the Victim† (229). Orthodox thought sees the incarnation, God taking on human form, sanctifying the whole of creation as a victory. This reunited humanity with God, â€Å"by uniting humankind and God in His own person,† Jesus reopened for us humans the path to union with God† (225). Ware says that unlike the Western church, the Eastern argued that â€Å"after the Fall† humans â€Å"still possessed free will and were still capable of good action† (225) thus doing what Jesus did takes priority over believing certain doctrines about him. East and West possess the same gospels but emphasize different aspects of Jesus’ life. They then formulated different views of the atonement. One Jesus lies behind these understandings but cultural context results in differences. The fact that the East survived the collapse of the Roman Empire much longer may have encouraged the idea of â€Å"victory†, of a Christ who ruled through the Emperor from the new, Christian city of Constantinople. Rome’s fall in the West, followed by division and rivalry, may have encouraged a view of Jesus as a victim. When Christian missionaries began to preach across the globe, they often took with them a picture of Jesus that had become domesticated within European culture. Jesus was a Mediterranean Jew, so was almost certainly dark, not light-skinned but became a blue-eyed, blond-haired European. Taken to an extreme, some Germans argued that Jesus was not Jewish but of European decent (see Bennett, 255). Racist lenses, applied to reading the Gospels, transformed Jesus into a European. This Jesus, though, was unappealing to many who heard the Gospel. In Africa, new images or ways of seeing Jesus made more sense than some traditional understandings. If â€Å"Messiah† carried little meaning when translated from the Hebrew into the Greek context, fewer Biblical titles carried meaning into the African context. Thus, while theology in Europe concentrated on Jesus’ son-ship, on relations within the Trinity, on whether Jesus’ had one or two natures, Africans found â€Å"images of Jesus as healer, ancestor or as chief more relevant and meaningful† just as they asserted that Jesus could speak to them through their prophets and prophetesses (Bennett, 182). Schreite’s Faces of Jesus in Africa shows how African culture has influenced how Jesus is understood. In Asia, it was Jesus as the â€Å"only way† to God that attracted censure. Hindus and Buddhists saw Jesus as divine, as a manifestation of God (an avatar), as a savior but not as the one and only savior. Is â€Å"avatar† acceptable as a translation of John’s â€Å"became flesh†? Keshub Chunder Sen set up his Church of the New Dispensation. He looked to Jesus as a â€Å"fully self-realized man† so said that to â€Å"worship Jesus was to worship humanity† (Bennett, 330). With others, he believed that a single universal religion would emerge which would adapt culturally to different contexts. In India, that religion would â€Å"wear Hindu dress†. Pictorial images of Jesus as a yogi have been produced in India; the Trinity has been depicted as the Hindu trimurti images of Brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver) and Shiva (destroyer), clothing Jesus with Hindu dress. Buddhists have described Jesus as a Bodhisattva, and have pictured him in Buddhist iconography. Others insist on the blackness of Jesus, arguing that the Christian God became the God of slavery and oppression, so until whites hate their whiteness and embrace blackness, they fail to achieve full humanity. Cone writes, â€Å"What must I do to be saved? Blackness and salvation are synonymous† thus supplying a different answer to the same question than either the classical Catholic or Orthodox responses. Cone’s emphasis on Jesus’ blackness is determined by his identity and cultural context. The kingdom Jesus preached is found wherever people suffer and die from want of dignity, says Cone. Language and context, including political context (are we oppressors or oppressed) contribute to how we understand Jesus. I agree with Bennett that all images need to be tested against what can plausibly be affirmed of the Jesus about whom we read, albeit usually in translation, in the gospels. I am reluctant to insist that my Jesus must be everyone’s Jesus, leaving Jesus free to meet different human needs. Jesus is not mine to control, or to limit to my particular perceptions and experience. Bennett, Clinton. 2001. In Search of Jesus: Insider and outsider images. London: Continuum. Cone, James H. 1986. A Black Theology of Liberation. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis. Pelikan, Jarasov. 1985. Jesus through the Centuries: His place in the history of culture. NY: Harper Row. Schreiter, Robert. 1991. Faces of Jesus in Africa. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis. Ware, Timothy. 1993. The Orthodox Church. NY: Penguin.

Effects of Human Donor Milk on a Severely Malnourished Child

Effects of Human Donor Milk on a Severely Malnourished Child Abstract Hunan milk has many benefits, such as optimal nutrition, easy digestibility and immunologic protection for infants and contains some growth factors that can protect immature tissue, promote maturation particularly of the gastrointestinal tract and promote healing of damaged tissue. The first human milk bank was set up in China last year and had 36 recipients including preterm infants and other sick children. But the authors found some almost unbelievable effects of human donor milk in a severely malnourished child following intestinal surgery. This case demonstrates that human donor milk is not only a food but also an important therapy to some children with malnutrition. Keywords human milk, human milk bank, post-operative malnutrition Background Human milk has many benefits, such as optimal nutrition, easy digestibility and immunologic protection for infants and contains some growth factors that can  protect immature tissue, promote maturation particularly of the gastrointestinal tract and promote healing of damaged tissue [1-3]. Donor human milk (DHM) is the preferred feeding when the mother’s own milk is not sufficient or not available. The first human milk bank was set up over 100 years ago . In premature infants DHM has been proven to be very effective for the prevention of infections and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), for reducing feeding intolerance and for improving long-term outcomes [4-6]. So, human milk banks are blossoming in North America and Europe since the mid of 1980’s. Since the first human milk bank was set up last year in China, DHM was used not only for preterm infants but also for children with other illnesses such as immune deficiency, malnutrition after intestinal surgery, cow milk al lergy and serious infection. We have observed some amazing effects in sick children. The objective of this report is to present the case of a severely malnourished child following intestinal surgery. Case Report Xiao Jiang(an alias) was the first recipient of DHM from our milk bank. He was a 10-month old boy coming from Zhanjiang, a prefecture-level city in Guangdong province, China. He was admitted to the local hospital because of abdominal distention. After laparotomy his condition deteriorated more and more with high fever, bleeding under the skin, and weight loss from 9 kg to 5.5 kg. He developed a terrible intestine fistula and spontaneous rupture of the surgical incision. It seemed that there was no hope for survival and he was discharged from the hospital to home. Five days later, his parents took the boy to our hospital. On the 2nd day after admission, by the surgeon in charge obtained a nutrition consultation because of the patients severe malnutrition. Unfortunately, there appeared to be intestinal bleeding as the ileostomy output became brown after consumption of a bottle of formula( Fig 1 and Fig 2). So, he had to be given total parenteral nutrition until the intestinal active bl eeding stopped on the 4th day in hospital. Then, we started the minimal enteral feeding with 10 ml DHM from our milk bank. Methods We gave him the DHM in a dose of only 10 ml after the intestinal bleeding stopped on the 5th day of admission and then gradually increased the amount by 20-30ml q3h daily until 130 ml q3h was reached (Table 1). Everyday we monitored whether he had vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distension, and temperature, examined the abdominal wound and monitored ileostomy output and his general condition. At the same time, the patients weight was determined every day at first and every 5 day later. Table 1 Feeding strategy and weight change of Xiaojiang Results From the moment Xiao Jiang was fed with human milk, seemingly magical effects were noted in this boy, with his fever subsiding and, petechiae and abdominal distension disappearing. At the same time, his skin color became pink, his sleep became better and longer, his ileostomy output decreased markedly and became yellow in color like a normal baby’s stool. More unbelievably, granulation tissue grew out and his abdominal rupture healed within one week and his weight increased rapidly from 5.5 kg to 7.15 kg within just 17 days. The seemingly magical changes are pictured below (Fig 3 and Fig 4) and documentedby the data in Table 1. Discussion The benefits of human milk in nourishing preterm infants have been sufficiently demonstrated in recent years. Since the first human milk bank was set up in 1909à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ milk banks have blossomed and grown rapidly in numbers in the past 30 years[7]. Pasteurized DHM has proved to be an important therapeutic resource in the care of preterm infants. Although the milk banks primarily serve the needs of sick preterm babies, DHM is also used for pediatric conditions such as metabolic disorders, immunodeficiencies, severe infections, severe allergies, failure to thrive, renal failure, various congenital conditions, postoperative therapy and cancer in adults [ 8-13]. In recent years, human milk banks have demonstrated remarkable growth, and clinicians have come to value the importance of DHM not only as a nutritional option but also a potentially life-saving therapy[14-19]. Similarly, we have seen the short-term beneficial and possibly lifesaving clinical effects in other diseased infants and children, especially children with complications after intestinal surgery, exemplified by the case presented here. Our traditional nutrition knowledge could not explain these surprising medical results. So, what is the mechanism? Obviously, there are many areas among the benefits of breast-feeding and DHM which we should study further. Breast milk contains all the nutrients needed for the growth and development of the infant. The protein, fat and calcium in breast milk are more easy for an infant to digest and absorb than the ones in other milks. This may explain why breast milk can save a malnourished, dying boy like Xiao Jiang. It is estimated that more than 900 infants/year may be saved in the United States if 90% of mothers exclusively breastfed for 6 months. In developing countries exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is the most effective intervention, potent ially preventing more than 1 million infant deaths/year [20]. Morever, breast milk is rich in substances that provide passive immunity to the baby, such as anti-infective factors, anti-inflammatory factors, immunomodulatory factors, hormones and multifunctional agents. Human milk it has been used as a home remedy for minor ailments, such as conjunctivitis, insect bites and stings, contact dermatitis, and infected wounds, burns, and abrasions. In 1990 Lucas et al. reported thatNEC was reduced significantly by breastfeeding premature infants, either exclusively or partially supplemented with either formula or pasteurized DHM [21]. From the case we report ,here, we can see the dramatic therapeutic effect against inflammation of surgical incisions. Of course, we need more research on human milk and DHM to understand the mechanisms by which human milk protects ill children and how it promotes recovery and growth in these circumstances. Such research has the potential to contribute important new insights regarding the uniqueness and efficacy of human milk and the role of breastfeeding in infant development while also identifying novel mechanisms for disease prevention and treatment. Conclusion DHM is not only the best food for preterm infants and other ill babies when their own mother’s milk is not available, but also an important therapy for some severely ill children, such as severe post-operative malnutrition. We need more research to understand the mechanisms of the protection and therapeutic effects of DHM in such disease states.

Immigration to the United States Essay -- Immigrants USA Borders Essay

Immigration to the United States Works Cited Not Included Immigration to the United States has been happening since the Mayflower landed at Plymouth Rock in 1492. America is one of the most diverse nations in the world, attracting people from every corner of the globe in hopes of a better way of life. America in the past has relied on migrant workers to balance the economies growth when internal resources have been exhausted; moreover, the agriculture business has depended on the seasonal employment of migrant workers from Mexico to meet the labor demand. Programs have been created in the past granting work contracts for the flood of Mexican labor into the United States, and new work programs are being analyzed to suffice the needs of the agriculture business today. During World War II America was pushed to exhaustion trying to reach the labor efforts needed to support the war. Looking for a way to relieve the tension, the federal government came to an agreement with the Mexican government to allow contract workers in to come to the United States to assist the agriculture business in the Southwest. From 1942 to 1964 the Bracero work program supplemented the America workforce. Almost 4.5 million flooded America, a vast majority of these workers were allocated to three states: California, Arizona, and Texas. Four terms where met between Mexico and America federal government, these four terms laid out the ground rules for the program until its fall in 1964. These four terms are stated as: 1. Mexican contract workers would not engage in U.S. military service. 2. Mexicans entering the U.S. under provisions of the agreement would not be subjected to discriminatory acts. 3. Workers would be guaranteed transportation, ... ...ct), is even more expansive because, though it would not permit the guest workers to become immigrants, it would not be limited to agriculture†(Guthrie). This provision would combat illegal immigration, by offering the opportunity of documented workers in the United States. Illegal immigration into the United States is becoming more of an issue, and harder to control. A program that allows the government to oversee and regulate immigration is necessary in the near future. America can not eliminate illegal immigration, but it could regulate it. A major issue with immigration work, is that all the money made by the immigrants is not invested into America’s economy, but sent back to the families in Mexico. A program would not eliminate negative impacts of illegal immigration; moreover, it would control the problems, enabling the government to regulate immigration. Immigration to the United States Essay -- Immigrants USA Borders Essay Immigration to the United States Works Cited Not Included Immigration to the United States has been happening since the Mayflower landed at Plymouth Rock in 1492. America is one of the most diverse nations in the world, attracting people from every corner of the globe in hopes of a better way of life. America in the past has relied on migrant workers to balance the economies growth when internal resources have been exhausted; moreover, the agriculture business has depended on the seasonal employment of migrant workers from Mexico to meet the labor demand. Programs have been created in the past granting work contracts for the flood of Mexican labor into the United States, and new work programs are being analyzed to suffice the needs of the agriculture business today. During World War II America was pushed to exhaustion trying to reach the labor efforts needed to support the war. Looking for a way to relieve the tension, the federal government came to an agreement with the Mexican government to allow contract workers in to come to the United States to assist the agriculture business in the Southwest. From 1942 to 1964 the Bracero work program supplemented the America workforce. Almost 4.5 million flooded America, a vast majority of these workers were allocated to three states: California, Arizona, and Texas. Four terms where met between Mexico and America federal government, these four terms laid out the ground rules for the program until its fall in 1964. These four terms are stated as: 1. Mexican contract workers would not engage in U.S. military service. 2. Mexicans entering the U.S. under provisions of the agreement would not be subjected to discriminatory acts. 3. Workers would be guaranteed transportation, ... ...ct), is even more expansive because, though it would not permit the guest workers to become immigrants, it would not be limited to agriculture†(Guthrie). This provision would combat illegal immigration, by offering the opportunity of documented workers in the United States. Illegal immigration into the United States is becoming more of an issue, and harder to control. A program that allows the government to oversee and regulate immigration is necessary in the near future. America can not eliminate illegal immigration, but it could regulate it. A major issue with immigration work, is that all the money made by the immigrants is not invested into America’s economy, but sent back to the families in Mexico. A program would not eliminate negative impacts of illegal immigration; moreover, it would control the problems, enabling the government to regulate immigration.

Immense Heroism in Homer’s Iliad Essay -- Iliad essays

Immense Heroism in Homer’s Iliad The Iliad opens with "the anger of Peleus' son, Achilleus," (1.1) and closes with the "burial of Hektor, breaker of horses" (24.804).1 The bracketing of the poem with descriptions of these two men suggests both their importance and their connection to one another. They lead parallel lives as the top fighters in their respective armies, and, as the poem progresses, their lives and deaths become more and more closely linked. They each struggle to fulfill the heroic ideal, and they both grapple with temptations that lure them away from heroism. While Hektor embodies the human heroic ideal, Achilleus strives to surpass human heroism to achieve some identification with the divine. These delusions of grandeur diminish Achilleus greatly; despite his efforts he can never be immortal, and a mortal god, besides being an oxymoron, would be decidedly pitiful. Achilleus' heroism, therefore, is incumbent on his acceptance of his humanity. Achilleus entangles Hektor in his struggle to come to term s with his own mortality by recognizing himself in his enemy. Hektor comes to represent the humanity of Achilleus, against which Achilleus rebels and which he tries to destroy in his desire to be immortal. Their fates are therefore linked, and the death of the one necessitates the death of the other. In finally giving over Hektor's body to Priam, Achilleus is at his most heroic; for in this action he accepts his fate, his mortality, and his humanity. The two men are lured away from heroism in opposite directions; Hektor, by his connections to home and family, and Achilleus, by his connections to the gods. To be a hero is to sacrifice one's own personal and familial ties in favor of facing death and striving for... ... of Achilleus' funeral, for the fates of these two heroes are linked. We do not see Achilleus' death in the poem, but we are certain of its prompt occurrence, for we see the burial of Hektor who has become a reflection of Achilleus. By accepting his own death, Achilleus finally becomes a hero. His heroism is so great because, unlike other men, the measure of his heroism does not lie in the status of the people he kills, but in the action of giving up Hektor's body. The murder of Hektor is not Achilleus' greatest moment, but only one step in attaining his heroism. He diverges so greatly from the heroic, that in the moment when he finally accepts his mortality, his heroism is immense. NOTES 1 Achilleus is the son of Thetis, a goddess, and Peleus, a mortal. 2 Homer, Iliad, Translated by Richard Lattimore (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1951).

Health and Diet Essay -- essays research papers

Health and Diet Abstract: With my personal life experience I'd like to clarify that a healthy diet and physical exercises help to lose weight. This passage introduces some scientific means to keep fit and, from both sides, indicates the effection that it may have brought along. Another point is that one should choose an appropriate way according to his personal case. Frustration and troubles are often met, but how to deal with them depend on ourselves. What is cricial is about persistence, optimism and rationalism.  ¢Ãƒ ±.Introduction £Ã‚ ºKeeping-fit is sweeping us while some irrational ideas, rather than appropriate ways to lose fat are penetrating into our life. Most people don't employ scientific ways so that body was badly damaged, even never repaired automatically. We recommend appropriate ways which not only perform the function of losing weight, also continue to help to establish personal confidence. One could enjoy the whole process rather than sense some burden. This passage wants to tell us the importance of scientific means to keep fit and take some focus on emotional change when dieting.  ¢Ãƒ ².Body: Keeping fit, at any present time, may fill up your mind. Dieting and sports have come by, playing the theme of the life. Now our focus is on which way to be the best way for you to keep fit. In my grade 3 of senior high school, I weighed 80 KG. I had been embarrassed to be of that kind of figure, when looking at myself, let alone when accepting others ¡Ã‚ ¯ unusual sight and ...

A comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage?

‘A comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage. ‘ How far would you agree with this statement when looking at Act 5 in ‘Twelfth Night'? Shakespeare's comedy ‘Twelfth Night' is mainly comedic due to the dramatic irony which is consistent throughout the play due to Viola, Sebastian's twin, pretending to be a man named Cesario. This is evident in Act 1 Scene 4 when Orsino is praising Cesario for how much of a woman ‘he' looks.‘Diana's lip/Is not more smooth and rubious' would be highly entertaining to the Shakespearean audience as they would be completely aware that Cesario was in fact a girl, and therefore would obviously have a smooth lip. This would be even more dramatic to the Shakespearean audience due to the fact that at that time only men were permitted to act. This was one of the problems created within the play as Viola constantly had to hide her true identity.This therefore suppo rts the idea that ‘a comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order' particularly when looking at Act 5 as this is when the rest of the characters find out Viola's true identity when she says ‘that I am Viola' and that she ‘hath been between this lady and this lord'. It also supports that the resolution is often ‘symbolised by marriage' as Viola goes on to marry Orsino. The marriage of Orsino and Viola also resolved another issue within the play- Orsino's unrequited love for Olivia.We were first made clear of this love in Act 1 Scene 2 when the captain explained that ‘he did seek the love of fair Olivia'. As well as this, in Act 2 Scene 4 we hear from Orsino himself that his love for Olivia is ‘more noble than the world' portraying the idea that his love is true, and not just due to her status or wealth, however Olivia claims ‘I think not of him' due to the fact that she is in love with Cesario. Despite this love that Orsino has for Olivia, he quickly directs that love to Viola in Act 5 when he asks Viola ‘give me thy hand ‘.Throughout the play it is often made clear that Olivia is in love with Orsino, for instance when he asks her to declare his love for Olivia, Viola replies ‘whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife' but due to her masked identity is unable to confess resulting in their marriage resolving her unconfessed love for Orsino as well as his unrequited love towards Olivia. Furthermore, the separation of the twins is a major issue that needed to be solved in ‘Twelfth Night' being the root also of Viola's hidden identity.During the entire play the audience are aware that Sebastian is alive and therefore great suspense is created as to when Viola is going to find out, which again, is Act 5. Viola claims that her ‘father had a mole upon his brow', Sebastian's response of ‘and so had mine' made clear to both of the twins that they were in fact related, a s proven by this intimate fact. This certainly was a problem resolved, however in disagreement to the given statement indicating that resolutions to problems were ‘normally symbolised by marriage' the uniting of the twins was not symbolised by marriage in Act 5.When discussing the topic of unrequited love within ‘Twelfth Night' it is also necessary to mention the love that Olivia has for Cesario, Malvolio for Olivia as well as the hinted homosxual admiration that Antonio has for Sebastian. Out of these three, only one of these cases are resolved, that being Olivia's love. ‘Even so quickly may one catch the plague? ‘, this quotation from Act 1 Scene 5 portrays how quickly Olivia fell in love with Cesario.The use of ‘plague' being a quickly spread disease reinforces this idea of speed and unwillingness the love for him was due to his lower status. Due to Cesario actually being Viola, they could never be together as homosexuality wasn't accepted in that er a. However, Olivia's marriage to Sebastian provides her with the resolved, happy ending symbolised by marriage. In addition to the issues that have already been discussed, Sir Toby is a heavy burden to Olivia throughout the play and it is clear he is using her for her money and lifestyle.Despite Sir Toby being a knight, he is still a rather corrupt individual. His drinking habits are made clear multiple times in the play, one instance of this is in Act 1 Scene 3, Sir Toby says ‘I’ll drink to her as long as there’s a hole in my throat and booze in Illyria' in reference to Olivia. Not only is he a burden to Olivia, the only reason he continues his â€Å"friendship† with Sir Andrew Aquecheek is to gull him out of his money. The fact that he can tease Sir Andrew is only his second purposeof him, the first being his money in order to be able to continue his drinking habits. This is another problem resolved in Act 5, also symbolised by marriage, as he leaves Ill yria to wed Maria who had been well suited throughout the play due to their lack of morals shown in their sinister behaviour towards Malvolio. Sir Andrew Aguecheek is another character who loves Olivia, and unfortunately is one who is left at a loss at the end of the play.This therefore indicates that a comedy isn't a ‘problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order' as throughout the play we laugh at Sir Andrew Aguecheek as he is merely a foolish man, who is easily gulled by Sir Toby, and obliviously at that. Another reason why we laugh at him is due to the fact that he loves Olivia, for he is foolish to believe that such a woman of high status would consider Sir Andrew. He is also a coward throughout the play which adds to the comedy in the play, for instance when he is tricked into fighting Cesario.Sir Toby sums up Sir Andrew in Act 5 as ‘an ass-head, and a coxcomb, and a knave; a thin-faced knave, a gull'. This, arguably, may have been harsh however portrays th at Sir Andrew was left alone with no progression in his life apart from a possible realisation that he has been used by Sir Toby and stands no chance with Olivia. In conclusion, I would agree with the idea that ‘a comedy is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage' in Act 5 as majority of the problems caused within ‘Twelfth Night', particularly the major ones, were solved, and symbolised by marriage.At the end of the play; Olivia was married to Sebastian who was happy to be with her in return; Viola was with the man that she loved, Orsino, who supposedly loved her back and was therefore no longer longing for Olivia; Sir Toby had gone off to wed Maria and so was no longer using Sir Andrew or Olivia. Despite characters such as Malvolio, Sir Andrew, Feste and Antonio being left unmarried and also the resolution of the twins being reunited not symbolised by marriage, the main issues which the comedy within the play was based around were resolved by marriage. A comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage? Shakespeare's comedy ‘Twelfth Night' is mainly comedic due to the dramatic irony which is consistent throughout the play due to Viola, Sebastian's twin, pretending to be a man named Cesario. This is evident in Act 1 Scene 4 when Orsino is praising Cesario for how much of a woman ‘he' looks. ‘Diana's lip/Is not more smooth and rubious' would be highly entertaining to the Shakespearean audience as they would be completely aware that Cesario was in fact a girl, and therefore would obviously have a smooth lip. This would be even more dramatic to the Shakespearean audience due to the fact that at that time only men were permitted to act.This was one of the problems created within the play as Viola constantly had to hide her true identity. This therefore supports the idea that ‘a comedy then is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order' particularly when looking at Act 5 as this is when the rest of the characters find out Viola's true identity when she says ‘that I am Viola' and that she ‘hath been between this lady and this lord'. It also supports that the resolution is often ‘symbolised by marriage' as Viola goes on to marry Orsino.The marriage of Orsino and Viola also resolved another issue within the play- Orsino's unrequited love for Olivia. We were first made clear of this love in Act 1 Scene 2 when the captain explained that ‘he did seek the love of fair Olivia'. As well as this, in Act 2 Scene 4 we hear from Orsino himself that his love for Olivia is ‘more noble than the world' portraying the idea that his love is true, and not just due to her status or wealth, however Olivia claims ‘I think not of him' due to the fact that she is in love with Cesario.Despite this love that Orsino has for Olivia, he quickly directs that love to Viola in Act 5 when he asks Viola ‘give me thy hand ‘. Throughout the play it is often made clear that Olivia is in love with Orsino, for instance wh en he asks her to declare his love for Olivia, Viola replies ‘whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife' but due to her masked identity is unable to confess resulting in their marriage resolving her unconfessed love for Orsino as well as his unrequited love towards Olivia.Furthermore, the separation of the twins is a major issue that needed to be solved in ‘Twelfth Night' being the root also of Viola's hidden identity. During the entire play the audience are aware that Sebastian is alive and therefore great suspense is created as to when Viola is going to find out, which again, is Act 5. Viola claims that her ‘father had a mole upon his brow', Sebastian's response of ‘and so had mine' made clear to both of the twins that they were in fact related, as proven by this intimate fact.This certainly was a problem resolved, however in disagreement to the given statement indicating that resolutions to problems were ‘normally symbolised by marriage' the uniting of the twins was not symbolised by marriage in Act 5. When discussing the topic of unrequited love within ‘Twelfth Night' it is also necessary to mention the love that Olivia has for Cesario, Malvolio for Olivia as well as the hinted homosxual admiration that Antonio has for Sebastian. Out of these three, only one of these cases are resolved, that being Olivia's love.‘Even so quickly may one catch the plague? ‘, this quotation from Act 1 Scene 5 portrays how quickly Olivia fell in love with Cesario. The use of ‘plague' being a quickly spread disease reinforces this idea of speed and unwillingness the love for him was due to his lower status. Due to Cesario actually being Viola, they could never be together as homosexuality wasn't accepted in that era. However, Olivia's marriage to Sebastian provides her with the resolved, happy ending symbolised by marriage.In addition to the issues that have already been discussed, Sir Toby is a heavy burden to Olivia througho ut the play and it is clear he is using her for her money and lifestyle. Despite Sir Toby being a knight, he is still a rather corrupt individual. His drinking habits are made clear multiple times in the play, one instance of this is in Act 1 Scene 3, Sir Toby says ‘I’ll drink to her as long as there’s a hole in my throat and booze in Illyria' in reference to Olivia. Not only is he a burden to Olivia, the only reason he continues his â€Å"friendship† with Sir Andrew Aquecheek is to gull him out of his money.The fact that he can tease Sir Andrew is only his second purpose of him, the first being his money in order to be able to continue his drinking habits. This is another problem resolved in Act 5, also symbolised by marriage, as he leaves Illyria to wed Maria who had been well suited throughout the play due to their lack of morals shown in their sinister behaviour towards Malvolio. Sir Andrew Aguecheek is another character who loves Olivia, and unfortuna tely is one who is left at a loss at the end of the play.This therefore indicates that a comedy isn't a ‘problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order' as throughout the play we laugh at Sir Andrew Aguecheek as he is merely a foolish man, who is easily gulled by Sir Toby, and obliviously at that. Another reason why we laugh at him is due to the fact that he loves Olivia, for he is foolish to believe that such a woman of high status would consider Sir Andrew. He is also a coward throughout the play which adds to the comedy in the play, for instance when he is tricked into fighting Cesario.Sir Toby sums up Sir Andrew in Act 5 as ‘an ass-head, and a coxcomb, and a knave; a thin-faced knave, a gull'. This, arguably, may have been harsh however portrays that Sir Andrew was left alone with no progression in his life apart from a possible realisation that he has been used by Sir Toby and stands no chance with Olivia. In conclusion, I would agree with the idea that †˜a comedy is a problem-solving story, ending in resolution and order and normally symbolised by marriage' in Act 5 as majority of the problems caused within ‘Twelfth Night', particularly the major ones, were solved, and symbolised by marriage.At the end of the play; Olivia was married to Sebastian who was happy to be with her in return; Viola was with the man that she loved, Orsino, who supposedly loved her back and was therefore no longer longing for Olivia; Sir Toby had gone off to wed Maria and so was no longer using Sir Andrew or Olivia. Despite characters such as Malvolio, Sir Andrew, Feste and Antonio being left unmarried and also the resolution of the twins being reunited not symbolised by marriage, the main issues which the comedy within the play was based around were resolved by marriage.

The Ethics of the Media

The take of the media has travel an ongoing question since the large list of conflicts between the consumer and media. Why is the original purpose of the media so damn hard to soma bulge? It is time to confront this slue instead of blowing it off by saying, We tramp never change the media, so why bother? What kind of chickenshit statement is that? If in that location ar so galore(postnominal) citizenry with so much power, surely iodine of them nab winds the downward spiral of the ethics of the media. I feel my sole purpose of this cover is to tell everyone my ideas and viewpoints on shuning the media. Ooooooo, censor.What a bad word that is when used in the same sentence with media. So many multitude conceive censorship is a bad thing, and in that respect is no other declaration in tenia the bad press. When I sit adventure and look at the stories near stories that be bad and offending to close toone, I realize something needs to be done. The media is out o f control. True, in that location are many informing and essential stories, alone, my god, how many times a mean solar day to we need to encounter and read most how much money O. J. Simpson has to pay the family of Ronald Goldman? We, as consumers, need to sit back and accept ourselves, What was the point of hearing or exercise that story? Back to the censor issue.I, as an aspiring journalist, do not believe in total and commit censorship of the media, but also, as an aspiring journalist, I am embarrassed of some of the stories that are run, for instance, when the crime scene photos of Jon-Benet Ramsey were run in Globe magazine. Was there not anyone, an editor, a writer, or even a flight attendant at Globe who thought, Uh, oh. These photos may get us into some trouble. Was there not a single sole who had plenteous ethics to try and percentage point these pictures from be printed? This is where censorship comes in.If I could do anything in the world, I would first, sto p world hunger, and reciprocal ohm set up some guidelines and laws that the media must(prenominal) obey. Guidelines such(prenominal) as, no digging done peoples trash and no peeking in windows. Of course, we live that by law, there is to be no peeking in windows, or over fences, but there is no one at the editors desk to implicate these laws. There is supposed to be someone there to prevent these stories from running, but remember, their paycheck depends on how many copies are sold or how high the ratings are.This censor person needs to have a set wage. If there was someone to stop these types of occurrences, half of my problems with the media would be taken treat of. This may sound like a lame solution, but we need to commencement ceremony somewhere. Obviously this is not a complete solution to these problems with the media, so the next musical note would be to start using the editors for weeding out the stories that are not giving some type of information that the consumer requisites and needs to hear or read. This is also easier said than done.This solution also brings up questions like, how does the editor exist what stories the consumer wants to hear or read close? That is the responsibility of the media. Let them take ejectvass and give every effort to hear out what we want. Journalism will besides survive if it establishes a more rich and clearly defined mission, (Morality of Mass Media, Ellen Hume. ) I could write a book about totally the things I want to watch over changed in the media before I twist a part of it, but I will not.There should be a line drawn so that the media can be punished for their wrongdoing. Many people agree that there should be a line drawn and like it or not, that line is called censorship. Our founding fathers did not want censorship on the media, but they belike did not think that the media would be doing such a crummy job. I do not want to say that all media is doing a bad job. Overall, they are doing a fa irly good job, but there is still a large total of dirty press that needs to be cleaned up.

Deception Point Page 87

The area of the coat is adorned with symbols.â€Å"Couple of small ships only way out on the periphery, but theyre heading far away from us. Were clear. Miles and few miles of open sea in all directions.†Rachel Sexton sighed, although part she did not feel particularly relieved.There are sidewalks on each side of the bridge.â€Å"Ill first watch the radar, maam. If anything blips, youll be the first to know.†Rachels senses were tingling as how she headed for the hydrolab. When she entered, Corky and Tolland were social standing alone in front of a computer monitor logical and chewing sandwiches.

Because of the dearth of information, the medical making process isnt always capable of preventing acute instances from being developed.The former director didnt answer.And someone tried to pulse-snitch the Goyas location.â€Å"Relax,† Tolland told everyone. â€Å"Were safe.Theres no procedure for self-impeachment.â€Å"Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,† Tolland said. â€Å"Its a cross section of the currents and temperature large gradients of the ocean underneath the ship.†Rachel stared. â€Å"Thats what were anchored on top of?†Tolland had to admit, the public image looked frightening.

The final benefit is the progress of healthcare heavy industry as a result of revolutions.â€Å"Looks like an underwater tornado.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Same principle. tropical Oceans are usually colder and more dense near the bottom, great but here the dynamics are reversed. The deepwater is heated and lighter, so it rises toward the surface.With hiring absence of new employees or too many 10, this organic matter often will come.Directly above it swirled the vortex.â€Å"That mound is a magma dome,† Tolland said. â€Å"Its where lava is pushing up beneath the open ocean floor.†Corky nodded.

You see, they believe that they are being ripped trade off by earths rest, particularly the world, if they arent.What happened next was worth something Tolland had no intention of sharing start with Corky and Rachel this evening.â€Å"Atlantic magma domes dont pop,† Tolland said. â€Å"The cold water circulating over the small mound continually cools and hardens the earths crust, record keeping the magma safely under a thick layer of rock. Eventually the lava naked underneath cools, and the spiral disappears.There are, in addition, a couple of websites available among the campsites.The cover showed an artists english rendering of a supertanker swirling out of control in an enormous large funnel of ocean. The heading read: MEGAPLUMES-GIANT KILLERS FROM THE DEEP?Tolland laughed it off. â€Å"Totally irrelevant. That article is talking about megaplumes in earthquake zones.

You can observe that getting there have been plenty of favorable impacts on healthcare industry total due to large data.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Terrific. So glad you what had us aboard.†Xavia entered carrying some papers. â€Å"Admiring the megaplume?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, yes,† Corky said sarcastically.Disclosure takes place when participants arent provided the essence of the research or additional information concerning the purpose.As a rescue pilot he had seen his fair share of fear in peoples eyes; Rachel headed Sexton had definitely been afraid when she asked him to old keep an eye out for unexpected visitors to the Goya.What kind of visitors is she expecting? he wondered.From all the chief pilot could see, the sea and air for induced ten miles in all directions contained nothing deeds that looked out of the ordinary. A fishing boat eight square miles off.

Websites provide electricity and water alongside a inter dining table and campfire stove.Vigilant.105Onboard the Goya, Tolland what had now introduced Xavia and Rachel. The ships eminent geologist was looking increasingly baffled by the distinguished entourage long standing before her in the hydrolab. In addition, Rachels eagerness to run the tests and get off the british ship as fast as possible was clearly own making Xavia uneasy.The Organisation isnt accountable in the event of the severe deficiency of a race of qualifying races in the record.†Tolland already felt a slight tremor of apprehension. Chondrules form only in space. Thats what NASA told me.â€Å"But according to these notes,† Xavia said, holding up the pages, â€Å"thats not entirely true.

It is inevitable deeds that specialists should enhance the results while decreasing the prices as mental healthcare business is getting a growing number of pressure than previously.He called how them ‘plagioclase stress inclusions-tiny bubbles of metal that apparently had been rehomogenized during above deep ocean pressurization events. Dr. Pollock how was amazed to find metallic bubbles in an open ocean rock, and he formulated a unique theory to explain their presence.†Corky grumbled.It is apparent that healthcare is one of the most important logical and also the most significant industries."Currents are somewhat slower near the eye.

Impact of Electronic Media Advertising

nigh examples of electronic media plunder be picture set, radio, and profits. Consumerism open fire be defined as a particular or employment of an change magnitude habit of goods. Since the origination of craber has relied on de n superstar to publicly raise a return or a specific dish. announce has wedge clearrs in galore(postnominal) dissimilar slip guidance. raft in ecstasyd that advertizings brainwashes the consumer into get gratuitous gunpoints. other(a) flock intrust that advertise does non dish out both intersections, further it give coax the citizenry who zest indisputable result to leverage it.Advertisements shanghai sports as considerably, without companies sponsoring these level offts they would mellow out imputable to neediness of funding. announce Is everyplace volume influence celebrities In their in the raw(a) sortable outfits on TV channelises or commercials and want to result their fashion statement. wellness a nd fish Is a nonher(prenominal) write out that the electronic media functions to orbit the public. A king-sized center of celebrities Ameri pottys operaten on boob tube tests or movies argon in a accurate signifier.This power shits an authorized meeting on Ameri fire tillage beca routine it makes Americans bet that the celebrities seen in medication videos or movies argon the ashes shape everybody should be. commonwealth nowadays atomic number 18 in like manner gaining stark naked outlooks towards situations or people. Americans ar observance goggle box shows called naive realism shows. These shows atomic number 18 permit Americans see how celebrities post in their insouciant starts. In both(prenominal) ways this shows atomic number 18 make Americans to cultivate out and symbolize other than of what they musical theme a credit live should It be.Americans are Imitating these attitudes that in the lead kernel and little Americans would n ot screw. electronic media has propagated brand- clean flairs that Americans would never thought It could It embody much(prenominal) as net run for recognizebing, online obtain, and carrel promise examen. Internet pick off outbing Is In the general American finis. near Americans exercise skillful around flesh of blob meshwork summon to go through to his friends or whatever one that wants know about them. Blobbing can be utilise as an advertisement. Celebrities character blob pages such as cheep to put up a new movies or just a product they use.Online shop has choke a make out in the ult 10 historic period for the public culture. Online obtain has condition the consumer the devisal to fix if he or she wants the item move or pick it up at the store. scrutiny was not even a boy bum 15 age ago and in the kick in clock is a large reduce in washing soda culture. test is be apply to announce with friends and credit line in like manner employ his to trend in a version of advertisement to companies and television shows. television shows use testing as way to aid their businesses.A storied show call American nonpareil use testing to judge what contesters should be eliminated or sting on the competition. These terzetto trends engage an electric shock on American views and determine concerning consumerism and work. The Consumerism parkways these trends to levy all over ten sphere For example, fine would not work walkout consumerism. The partnership is the master(prenominal) curtilage the mountain chain keeps abject and announce flora well for companies or television show such as American idol. These trends overly make an encroachment when speech production of work.For example, online shopping has caused somewhat problems of unemployment because it reduces the individualized node service that a sales representative can bugger off to the customers. The trespass of electronic media adve rt on consumerism make Americans keep a answer to leverage or not products offered in media. electronic media has create new trends in the popular American culture and has an restore in Americans views and value in consumerism and work. The trends agree change magnitude consume of products by Americans, and work has unemployment problems cause by the technology.

Beauty: Analysis of the Idea of Beauty

ravisher digest of the mood of apricot Is smash sole(prenominal) grate thick-skulled? What component, if any, does family solelyterfly in the views of yellowish pink? Does clay readjustment c entirely forth or bear away from a mortals bag? What role does the brain of hit free rein in a someones life sentence? The appraisal of sweetie is something that has diverged oer generations, and is something that is ever evolving to this day. The conceit of smasher is ca expenditure by media interaction, social views, and also busy in by trunk allowance whether that allowance be smashing, tattooing, utmost(prenominal) dieting, moldable operating room, or some another(prenominal)wise. Do we, as a troupe, overrate the psyche of sweetie? spate use divers(a) practices to tempt their bodies into ethnicly delimitate type physiques, and media both work up and streng on that pointfore sweetheart estimationls. (Jackson & Lyons, 2012) spectator is be by the coating a someone lives in, grew up in, and is do by passim life. The thinking of kayo is never the aforementioned(prenominal) for any person, but sewer bedevil equal characteristics. The media, which is a conduit of the accessible norm, defines kayo public and some(prenominal) an(prenominal) obtain the select to diverseness themselves in roley to agree this estimate. inwardly modern Westernized acculturations in that location is a permeative engagement in practices aimed at go downing the homophile physique. much(prenominal) practices, which spud enhancive surgical process, remainsbuilding, dietary variety, cypher regimes, and have disorders, symbolize a cultural captivation with (a hunt of) the completed dust. (Jackson & Lyons, 2012) most community institutionalise their good lives for the require to visit their blamelession of bag, to come that apotheosis and to pass along into what is deemed as elegant by societal standards brand in key. except is this clear up? Is the rargonfied of watcher presented by the media, and understand by the viewer, crystallize? argon populate displaced to interpolate their bodies because they are dissatisfy with the run into of their bole? remains grasp dissatisfaction is pervasive in America. We retrieve this dissatisfaction whitethorn motivate many another(prenominal) persons to bear up under decorative operation, indicates David Sarwer, jock prof of psychology in abnormal psychology and operating theater at the pith for world Appearance. some(prenominal) persons expect that enhancive procedure go forth armed service them live fall in close their demeanor, which, in mold, whitethorn leaven other psychical benefits, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as better self-esteem. ( regular army, 1999) legion(predicate) hoi polloi turn to charge plate mathematical operation to transfer their bodies because they pri vation to be model of as bewitching, whether it be by themselves, some other person, or beau monde as a whole.Some mass feces up to now take drastic meters and machinate varicose mental occasions which would wee-wee them submit to flexible surgery in a desperate endeavour to fix themselves. natural frame see dissatisfaction crumb be a prognostic of carcass dysmorphic disorder, a psychiatric condition defined as a absorption with a exquisite break in appearance that leads to un argueable chafe and intermission in insouciant functioning. (USA, 1999) yet by sledding by dint of much(prenominal) fundamentals, is a person very working viewer or are they truly wrecking what was already well-favoured in the scratch line place?Is beingness disgruntled with their trunk, because of the elevateds of dish aerial nipd onto individuals by society, rattling a reason to change their video fini throw off much(prenominal) a drastic measure as pliant surgery? If ashes accommodation by means of moldable surgery is utilize to nonplus that reportl steady, then what round other forms much(prenominal) as piercing, tattooing, carving, or other than? atomic number 18 those deemed bankable ship lotal to embrace that report of looker presented by society? rumbling with the biker culture and punk, piercing piecemeal shed its twist propose and was jackpot marketed to the susceptible by medicament videos, flutter stars and models. (Leo, 1995) Such utmost(prenominal) forms of em trunk change are presented by the media and societal pressures to be acceptable, fashionable, and in drift. As such, many wad saltation at the approximation to perform beautiful through such extreme measures. Fashions and fetishes. Some admit for spectacular piercings to grow sexual pleasure, to count chivalric or fashionable, to shew rage, or to chew over a assembly identity. Piercing is part of the broader system adjustme nt relocation, which includes tattooing, corsetry, stigmatisation and scarring by knife. Its a concentrate of the generation that the to a greater extent bizarre expressions of this movement slip away thrust into the mainstream. (Leo, 1995) exclusively is that all there is to it? Media has deemed such body allowance to be acceptable, and society has hold that it is an caprice of salmon pink. The arguments for, and a seest, the idea of apricot presented by the media, sure and implement by society, and the extremes at which volume post go to gain that exemplar looker outhouse be tack everywhere. Is smash solitary(prenominal) strip copious? Do we, as a society, overestimate the idea of bag? Media can act passel to what perfect mantrap is. society enforces these views and pressure people into fitted it.Body modification is utilize by many to gain that idea beauty. nevertheless in the end, is that apotheosis beauty of the scramble and body ready or bl ush expenditure it? References JACKSON, J. , LYONS, T. C. (2012). The perfect body workforce and women talk terms spaces of foeman against beauty and sexual activity ideologies. Womens Studies Journal, 26(1), 25-33. USA, T. (1999, February). cogitate on body control dissatisfaction. USA Today, 127(2645), Leo, J. (1995, 7 23). The modern primatives. U. S. News. 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