Legend The Legend Of Sam Houston - 1695 Words

Myth Legend—The Legend of Sam Houston: His True Intentions for Texas - They say everything is bigger in Texas, and that incorporates the legends who produced the state’s freedom. Texas history would ever be finished without covering Sam Houston, standout amongst the most complex and intriguing characters in American history. Since sources give restricted responses to the subject of why Houston came to Texas, various myths have developed with the end goal to clarify Houston’s journey and his activities in the wake of touching base in Mexican Texas. Most of them focus upon Houston’s longing to come to Texas for a new beginning of life. Be that as it may, confirm appears to propose that his bonds to President Andrew Jackson may have†¦show more content†¦Notwithstanding, the separation from his wife Eliza was a social and political calamity for Sam Houston. He couldn’t take it anymore and immediately surrendered governorship and escaped his ca tastrophe with Oolooteka. The great legend Sam Houston would become the one and only American to serve as the governor of two separate states, a congressman, a senator and the first president of the Lone Star State- the Republic of Texas. With limited documentation clarifying Houston’s genuine goals for coming to TX researchers will probably keep on debating the problem. Myth Legend—Texas Under the Terrible Carpetbaggers- As indicated by one of the state’s most persevering myths, TX was overwhelm with carpetbaggers during recreation time. Carpetbaggers was the highly derisive name given to Northerners who went South after the fall of the Confederate States of America (CSA) seeking personal, financial gain or political advancement during the Reconstruction Era following the American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 10, 1865). Southern Democrats alleged that the newcomers were corrupt and deceptive adventurers whose property comprised just of what they could convey in their carpetbags (suitcases made of carpeting), who seized political power and pillaged the vulnerable individuals of the South. This evaluation of the carpetbagger ended up plainly standard in late-nineteenth-century histories and held its money among a few students of history as late as the 1990s. CarpetbaggersShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Rose Of Texas1198 Words   |   5 Pagesmyths and legends. From the First Texans to the Legend of Houston, the oil industry all the way to the myth of the Cowboy Culture. I’m going to talk about just ten of these myths and legends that I find interesting. The Yellow Rose of Texas is about a young slave woman by the name of Emily West Morgan in the antebellum era in Texas. The myth has it that Emily was the reason that Santa Anna lost the Battle of Jacinto, by distracting him during Houston’s surprise attack. According to the legend, SantaRead MoreSam Houston2239 Words   |  9 PagesSam Houston Samuel Houston Sam Houston was as legend reports a big man about six foot and six inches tall. He was an exciting historical figure and war hero who was involved with much of the early development of our country and Texas. He was a soldier, lawyer, politician, businessman, and family man, whose name will be synonymous with nation heroes who played a vital part in the shaping of a young and prosperous country. He admired and supported the Native Americans who took him in and adoptedRead MoreEssay Sam Houston2173 Words   |  9 Pages Sam Houston Sam Houston was as legend reports a big man about six foot and six inches tall. He was an exciting historical figure and war hero who was involved with much of the early development of our country and Texas. He was a soldier, lawyer, politician, businessman, and family man, whose name will be synonymous with nation heroes who played a vital part in the shaping of a young and prosperous country. He admired and supported the Native Americans who took him in and adopted him into theirRead MoreThe Father Of Texas By Stephen F. Austin Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pages Every Texan knows the legends of Stephen F. Austin that lead him to become the â€Å"Father of Texas.† Few Texas would try to say anyone else deserves this honor even though Texas is not short of larger than life legends. Such names include Lorenzo Zavala, Thomas Rusk, Juan Seguin, William Travis, James Bowie, and Sam Houston. Even â€Å"In his eulogy for Austin, Houston called him, The Father of Texas† (Areas of Interest). But despite this many would argue that Houston deserves the title. To understandRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Alamo 1727 Words   |  7 Pagesshambles and were unable to provide any assistance. At the time there were four different men that claimed to have been given command over the entire army. On January 14th 1836, Neill approached one of them, Sam Huston, for assistance in gathering supplies, clothing, and ammunition, but Houston could not spare the number of men needed to man the fort successfully. Instead, he sent Colonel James Bowie with 30 men to remove the artillery from the Alamo and destroy the fort. Quite different than whatRead MoreThe Accomplishments Of Sam Houston2346 Words   |  10 PagesContrary to the typical stereotypes of Texans, Sam Houston was much more than a drunkard and an excellent gunslinger. Although, he possessed these traits as well, Houston displayed a certain level of maturity, honor, and critical thinking that most men, or even women, at the time did not own. To assume Sam Houston was a one trick pony, or on ly skilled in one aspect merely because of his heritage and place of birth would be an understatement, as his father was a major . The tall, handsome troublemakerRead MoreThe Alamo : A Spanish Mission1853 Words   |  8 Pagesforeigners found fighting in Texas as pirates (Alamo). Since actual pirates where never taken prisoner and were instead executed, this meant that there would be no prisoners taken from the upcoming battle and that all Alamo residents would be executed. Sam Houston had also called for the removal of artillery from the Alamo and to destroy it because he could not spare the amount of men needed to mount a successful defense, but he was soon persuaded that the complex and location held strategic importance. AfterRead MoreThe Battle at the Alamo Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Alamo would eventually lead, though perhaps not directly, to the severe reduction of their country’s lands and open the door to the Mexican-American War. For the Americans, the ep ic tale of the Alamo’s events would forge myths, convert men into legends, and serve as the rallying cry for a people who would once again feel as though governmental control was grasping too tightly on a bird who should be free to fly. Prior to the Texas Revolution, a time of peace and cohabitation occurred that wasRead MoreThe Battle Of The Alamo3666 Words   |  15 Pagesmid-October their numbers had grown to over 400 men, including James Bowie.† (Barr). James Bowie later becomes one of the key figures in the Battle of the Alamo in 1836. There were numerous debates and discussions regarding the Army’s plan of attack. Sam Houston wanted to delay military training and bombard any fortifications. Stephen Austin wanted to continue efforts into capturing San Antonio. Stephen Austin was successful in his argument and the army’s efforts continued towards San Antonio. On OctoberRead More Jackie Robinson: Breaking the Racial Barriers Essay3276 Words   |  14 Pagesmanager of the Chicago White Sox at the time, was quoted in a newspaper as saying, â€Å"That boy could play major league baseball at a moment’s noticeâ€Å" (Bontemps 63). Through the football season of his second year at Pasadena JC, Jackie Robinson became a legend in Southern California. People who spoke about UCLA or USC had to be careful or they would find themselves interrupted by someone who would insist that the only football player worth mentioning was â€Å"that colored boy out at Pasadenaâ€Å" (Young 127). San

Was there really a separate North and South - 1230 Words

America in the mid-1800s the North and the South had numerous differences but also they shared several similarities. According to McPherson many people saw these two societies as one people; they shared the same language, they fought for the same freedoms from England, share an interconnected economy and shared the same Constitution. Even at the beginning of the Republic they shared the common bond of owning slaves. But eventually the North and South began to pull in different directions and began to segregate in to two different cultures. In McPherson’s article he states that in both the Northern and Southern society’s white supremacy was a standard way of thinking but the two had different scales from which they measured.1 We can see†¦show more content†¦What they also noticed was the difference in the school year between the two cultures. The South’s school year was only half as long as the North’s school year and it seemed to be affecting the level of education received by the children in the South.1 The North and the South also sought out different paths on how America’s future was going to be. In the article Antebellum Southern Exceptionalism, McPherson incorporated articles telling about each side’s way of life; southerners were the agricultural people they wanted to keep their lives traditional, full of the old ways and slavery. While the northerners were the manufacturers they had the big cities, lots of factories, over worked and underpaid workers.1 They are both gravely different and see the other side as ruining their definitions of the American way of life. In the McPherson article, the Northerners agriculture overtime became more capital-intensive and mechanized compared to the Southern agriculture were it remained the traditional labor-intensive. This was a huge differential agriculturally between the two societies; they were now moving at different paces of industrialization. According to a London Times correspondent William Russell used in McPhersons article, the Northern people degraded the whole race because of their manufacture, trade, and pursuit of gain way of life. While the Southerners wereShow MoreRelatedThe Discrimination Of Jim Crow Laws956 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"An all American America.† For many in the South during the 50’s and 60’s Americans equaled whites. Whites were the superior race and should be kept separate from those deemed inferior. This separation was perpetuated by the enforcement of Jim Crow Laws. The reactions to this segregation differed from race to race and from region to region. Jim Crowe laws were just part of life in the South. White and black children were taught from a very young age that they were not equals. Black’s knew that theyRead MoreClimate Geography Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesTask 1 1.Lake Hillior Esperane,WA 2.Hamesley Dunes Fitzgerald River,National Park 3.Cape Le Grand national park esperane 4.Murray river, New South Wales 5.Murrumbigge river,new South Wales 6.River darling,new South Wales 7.Mt Gower,in Tasman 8.Mt feather top,in Vic 9.Wollumbm Mt warning in New South Wales 10.Sand Dunedin start stony desert in Western Australia 11.Desert communities,at the great Victoria 12.Desert Hora and fauna in Australia and area 14. South Australia is the perfect placeRead MoreEssay on The Industrial North and Agricultural South972 Words   |  4 Pagesmyth was that the North and South regions of the United States were colonized by two separate groups of migrants. Although this myth is false, one can understand why the northerners and southerners thought they were colonized by distinct groups. No two regions in United States history were more different than the North and the South, which enhances the idea that the Civil War was a long time coming. Although their different lifestyles, in and of themselves, differentiated the North and South, theirRead MorePopulism/Progress Essay example870 Words   |  4 PagesEqual education opportunities | Booker T. Washington | * Former slave * Went to an African-American college called Tuskegee Institute * Wanted to end disfranchisement * Was supported by WEB Du Bois * Wanted African-Americans to focus on trying to be wealthy and skilled jobs | B. Farming was changing as the 20th century dawned. Write ONE paragraph about the challenges facing American farmers and include two of the following sub topics in your brief commentary. (10 points) Read MoreApush Essay -- in What Ways and to What Extent Was Industrial Development from 1800-1860 a Factor in the Relationship Between the Northern and Southern State?1434 Words   |  6 Pageschange that occurred was, for the most part, the result of the industrial development. The industrial advancements in the early 1800s had a huge amount of consequences, both positive and negative. But the industrial development from 1800 to 1860 affected the North and the South in hugely different ways. The prominent differences eventually caused an amazing amount of tension between the two regions as they moved in completely separate directions. Mainly, the North and the South differentiated whenRead MoreEssay about The War of Rebellion: The Civil War1260 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War was a very significant war that resulted in making the nation and the government stronger. Peculiarly both sides had very different views on what caused the war, what they wanted out of the war, and what t he war meant resulting in what is considered the bloodiest war in America’s history, around six hundred thousand Confederate and Union soldiers died in battle. What did they all die for though? Depending on whether you were from the North or the South the answer to this question wouldRead MoreFor Cause and Comrades Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesWar so divided this country that family members would choose opposite sides of this most deadly of conflicts. â€Å"This breakup sometimes forced members of the same biological family to choose opposite sided† (McPherson 14) was a powerful point as to how divided the country really was. I agreed upon a second theme throughout the first two chapters called Rage Military, this French term used in the second chapter demonstrated to me as to why individuals may willingly go into battle. The idea thatRead MoreThe War Between The North And The South993 Words   |  4 PagesFive years American had their own bloodshed between the North and the South. There is many reason into why the United States had a war between the North and the South. The United States was divided depending on location and personal sentiments. People in the United States sometimes think that this war was only fought over slavery, but there was many reason in why the Union and the Confederate States of America fought. The war was fought on many reason such as the idea of slavery, states’ rightsRead MoreCivil War Essay: The Major Contributing Factors to the Civil War888 Words   |  3 Pagesrunaway slaves escape to the free north. But, while slavery at face value was a major factor, international politics and economics played a major role. Several factors, including the election of Lincoln, the raid on Harper s Ferry, the Dred Scott decision, and, most importantly, the fugitive sla ve law, contributed to the growing rift between the North and South and, eventually, the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln is most always associated with the Civil War. But, he was not elected through a majority ofRead MoreThe Issue Of The Unification Of Korea960 Words   |  4 Pages My mother told me that when she was an element school student, she used to learn that South Korea and North Korea should unite. Her and her friends learned, sang a song, and drew a poster about unification. However, as the time passes, the nation questioned themselves if the unification is really necessary. Instead of blindly praising the possibility of the unification, people in modern days started to debate rather it is essential for both Korea to be united. Even though there are many pros and

The Timeout Process Free Essays

string(46) " which occur primarily at the surgeons hands\." The implementation of the timeout processes could well be the most important procedure to be introduced to the operating theatre in recent times. This seemingly small change has had a dramatic impact on patient outcome, staff cohesion and cost reduction in medical institutions. However, there are still issues that are obstructing the effectiveness of the timeout, namely poor compliance by some team members who believe that the fast turnover of cases does not allow for the timeout, that they have never had a problem in the past or that the timeout is questioning their competence. We will write a custom essay sample on The Timeout Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will look at the positive outcome that the timeout process has had in the operating theatre, why it is working and how to ensure that it remains a priority. The writer will also address the problem of poor compliance by some members, why they are resistant to the timeout process and what can be done to ensure their co-operation thereby creating a positive outcome for more patients. In order to place the checklist process in a proper perspective the following historical event is provided: In aviation, pilots have been using checklist since 1935. It was formulated after the crash of the new Boeing Model 299 on its test flight, which killed two of the five crew members. One of the fatalities was Major Ployer P. Hill the Air Corps’ Chief of Flight Testing. The ensuing investigation ruled that the accident was pilot error and not mechanical failure. As the result of this ruling a group of test pilots took it upon themselves to investigate the reason for the pilot error. They concluded that the new technology had a lot more sequential steps for the pilot to follow than the older aircrafts, which made it easier for Major Ployer P. Hill, a highly experienced pilot, to have missed a crucial step. The solution they formulated to rectify this dilemma was a simple checklist. By following this checklist the Model 299 was flown for 1. 8 million miles without an accident. Gawande (2010, p. 32 – 34). Likewise, the nursing profession has been using checklists in various forms, from the implementation of routine recording of vital signs to medication charts. However, it was only in 2001 that a critical care specialist, Peter Pranovost, decided to formulate a simple checklist to try and reduce central line infections in the ICU at the John Hopkins Hospital, where he was working at the time. Peter Pranovost and his colleagues monitored the results of their idea for a year. In that time the ten-day line infection rate went from 11 percent to zero. They proceeded to test other checklists with equally impressive results. (Gawande 2010, p. 7- 39) Several studies were done on surgical outcomes that showed that about half of the complications experienced could have been prevented through the use of this checklist. In these studies it was shown â€Å"that in industrial countries major complications occur in 3% to 16% of inpatient surgical procedures, and permanent disability or death rates are about 0. 4% to 0. 8%. In developing countries, studies suggest death rates of 5% to 10 % during major operations. Mortality from general anaesthesia alone is reported to be as high as one in 150 in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Infections and other postoperative complications are also a serious concern around the world. † WHO (2007). In 2007 the World Health Organization (WHO) decided that something must be done to improve the situation A team of experts, led by Dr Atule Gawande, was brought together to find a solution. They formulated the surgical checklist and challenged the world to use it. The group investigated the impact of the WHO checklist in eight hospitals worldwide, four in high-income settings and four in low and middle-income settings. Data on in-hospital complications occurring within the first 30 days after surgery were collected prospectively from consecutively enrolled adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, 3733 before and 3955 after the implementation of the checklist. The overall death rate was reduced from 1. 5% to 0. 8% (P= 0. 003) and in-patient complications f rom 11. 0% to 7% (P 0. 001)†. Haynes (2009) What does this surgical checklist entail? As stated by WHO â€Å"The checklist identifies three phases of an operation, each corresponding to a specific period in the normal flow of work: Before the induction of anaesthesia (â€Å"sign in†), before the incision of the skin (â€Å"time out†) and before the patient leaves the operating room (â€Å"sign out†). In each phase, a checklist coordinator must confirm that the surgery team has completed the listed tasks before it proceeds with the operation†. Many institutions worldwide have adopted the surgical timeout; they have changed a few points of the WHO checklist to better meet their needs, with impressive results. A study following 8000 surgical procedures, found that the implementation of the timeout resulted in a 30% reduction in the rate of surgical complications and deaths (Hayes 2009). Not only has patient mortality and expenditure decreased but its application showed an increase in staff cohesion. The surgical checklist has helped to increase communication by ensuring that all members as a team take the time to check and discuss potential problems and expected outcomes for the patient. This enhanced interaction between the multidisciplinary team lends itself to the staff’s increase awareness of potential problems and adverse conditions, which contributes to improved patient outcomes. Taylor (2010) surveyed operating room staff and found a perceived improvement in communication, teamwork, respect and patient safety related to the use of the timeout. Improved patient outcome following the implementation of the surgical checklist has been clearly demonstrated within Veterans Affairs (Neily et al 2010) as well as in the Netherlands (deVries et al 2010) and Iran (Askarian et al 2011). In the Netherlands study by deVries, it was found that most postoperative complications declined and that this decline could be credited to improved communication. An interesting outcome was that rates of bleeding and anastomotic leaks also declined as well as technical problems which occur primarily at the surgeons hands. You read "The Timeout Process" in category "Papers" The findings of this study suggest that the indirect effects of implementing checklists may be much more important than their specific content. (Birkmeyer 2010) Improved communication leads to respect for each team member and trust in each other. To maintain a high degree of efficacy all staff members should be provided with continuous education and evaluation of their performance. All members should therefore be informed and have access to the data that shows the benefits of using the surgical checklist. This will prevent the staff from becoming complacent. However, complacency is not the only obstacle preventing the success of the surgical checklist, poor or even non compliance is of greater concern. There are a number of reasons for this. A checklist implies that mistakes can and do happen. In a study which investigated medical professionals’ attitude to the safety systems 30% of nurses and doctors stated that they ‘did not make errors’. (Sexton 2000; p745-9) A great number of medical personnel have this misconception that they do not make mistakes or they feel that admitting to mistakes, no matter how minor, will lead to their colleagues loosing respect for them and some fear being punished as the medical profession as a whole has a low tolerance for errors. These feelings can cause staff members not to report minor incidences; unfortunately many minor incidences can lead to major problems. The hierarchy system that exists in the theatre environment also leads to poor compliance with regards to the surgical timeout. Although nursing in theory is now deemed to be a profession that works alongside doctors, not for them or subservient to them, in practise this is not always the case. When there is resistance from the surgeon or anaesthetist toward the checklist this resistance is expressed verbally in an active ridiculing manner, or non-verbally by just ignoring the process (Valen, Waehle et al 2012, p 4). When this type of attitude is displayed the theatre nurses’ main objective becomes self-preservation and the maintenance of peace, which makes the nurse rush the checklist and omitted points that may cause the surgeon or anaesthetist to become more displeased. If the surgeon and anaesthetist are supportive of the checklist, it is more likely that it will be done correctly. (Mahajan 2011, p161-8) One often finds that staff feel that doing the surgical checklist will cause delays in patient turnover, they also feel that the current system is working for them and their team so why fix what is not broken. The 2010 report by Patient Safety First showed that while most trusts reported that the checklist led to improved safety and teamwork the most common challenges to its implementation were negative clinician attitudes. (Allard, 2011, p711-17) In the operating theatre setting there are three professions involved, namely, nursing, surgery and anaesthesia and all three are working towards a common result and yet each profession is accustomed to doing this to achieve individual goals. All three are faced with staff shortages, educational duties and economic pressures. (Lingard et al 2006, p 471-83) These pressures lead to the inconsistent use of the checklist. When the checklist process is started all staff are meant to stop what they are doing, thereby giving their full attention to the checklist. However, this is not always the case as team members may be reluctant to alter their work routine and feel that what they are doing is more important, or that if people of the team knew what they were doing the checklist would not be necessary. Amalberti et al 2005, p756-64) If there is no clear decision made as to who is responsible for the completion of the surgical checklist, points may not be addressed or in the rush the checklist may just be ticked so that it is complete when it is audited. Vats et al( 2010, p340) discovered that there was confusion over who’s responsibility it was to do the sign-out checks which were frequently missed due to it being at the most time pressured part of the process and also found some checklists to be incomplete, hurried, dismissed or completed without key members participation. As can be seen from the above observations there are a number of factors that lead to poor compliance and this presents a challenge in finding ways to remedy this. It is hard for junior or more timid members of the team to implement the checklist if the more senior or assertive members are not compliant. Paull et al (2009, p 675-78) states that leadership support was deemed the strongest single predictor of successful checklist implementation among sixty four Veterans Health Administration Facilities. When studying the implementation efforts of five hospitals Conley et al (2011, p873 – 79) found that having the department chiefs as members of the implementation team and actively promoting the checklist was a big factor in its success. The senior staff need to lead by example and should be seen actively supporting and participating in this process, which in turn will ensure compliance by the rest of the staff. A team approach is recommended, with the team being made up of respected members of physicians, anaesthetists and nurses. Having all disciplines represented in these teams is important as they are likely to positively influence their peers. (Reinertsen et al. 2007) This team approach removes the need for a nurse to approach a doctor or anaesthetist, which would prove difficult and they would more inclined to ignore the advice given. To ensure the surgical checklist is adopted completely by the multidisciplinary team, it should be first introduced on a small scale, to one team or theatre. This allows for more comprehensive training in the correct way to complete the surgical checklist (Taylor 2010), Positive feedback will filter from the team doing the checklist to the teams not involved, so when they have to start using the check list they will have a positive attitude towards it. This is when changes should be made to the list which will customize it to the institution. The success of the surgical checklist will filter to the other surgical teams, thereby causing wider acceptance and compliance. Langley 2009) Modifying the original WHO checklist will ensure equal participation from all team members and, therefore, creates a checklist that is inherently â€Å"team led†. A feeling of ownership will be cultivated. The WHO published a comprehensive implementation manual (WHO, 2008) to accompany the introduction of the WHO checklist that encouraged modification to fit with local practice, cautioning against making the checklist overly complex. The Multidisciplinar y team members need to receive comprehensive training with regards to how the surgical checklist is to be presented to the other staff members. They need to have clear guidelines as to who will take ownership of the checklist, in many cases it is the circulating nurse. The checklist should ideally not be recited from memory; it should be read from the list. All activity should stop when the checklist is being presented. To maintain the interest and compliance of all staff, regular feedback should be given, namely real-time feedback. As Ursprung et al (2005) cited in their discussion on improving safety, providing real-time feedback is critical for early detection and remediation of problems that may arise. Data should be collected on a regular basis and be correlated, as to provide solid evidence that will provide proof of the goals the staff have achieved and evidence of what still needs to be addressed. Thereby, maintaining their interest in the checklists importance. The surgical checklist when approached in the proper manner is a simple tool that has the potential to improve patient outcomes expediential. Various studies by A. B Haynes (2009), J. Neily (2010), C. Hayes (2009) just to name a few have shown marked improvement with regards to patient complications and mortality rates. To prevent poor compliance by members there are a number of strategies that can be adopted. Senior members should be seen to actively participate in the checklist process so that the rest of the staff will take ownership of their checklists. To assure the success of the checklist, a small team should be formed comprising of respected members of the three disciplines involved, this will allow for peer interaction. Introducing the checklist on a small scale allows for more comprehensive education and positive feedback to the members not involved. The culture in theatre needs to change, the theory that doctors and nurses are both professionals in their own rights and neither are boss over the other, needs to be put into practise. The multidisciplinary team in theatre needs to become a team, forget their individual agendas and make the positive outcome for their patients their priority. The surgical checklist will help, as it creates the opportunity for open communication between the multidisciplinary team, which leads to greater respect and trust between the members. With the ever increasing number of surgeries performed each year, the need for quicker turnover times will become greater, therefore without the surgical checklist, surgical complications and mortality rates will increase. It is the opinion of the writer based on the evidence gathered, that the implementation of a comprehensive surgical checklist, should be mandatory for every medical facility in the world. How to cite The Timeout Process, Essays

Strategic Management for Warfare and Strategy- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Management for Warfare and Strategy. Answer: Book Summary The Art of War has always been considered as a definitive text written on the basis of military warfare and strategy. It was written in ancient China by Sun Tzu and ever since it is inspiring business, athletes, individuals and even the military personnel to beat their contenders (Hanzhang, 2007). The key ideology of the books is to gather sufficient understanding about when to fight and when not to fight. This is the book suggests to avoid anything that is strong and asks to attack the weak. Knowledge of luring the enemy is another aspect through which one should pretend to be strong when he or she is weak and on the contrary pretend weak when he or she is strong enough (Tzu, 2017). Finally knowing own strengths and weaknesses is also essential. If a person is well aware about his or her own self as well as the enemy it would be easier to won a battle. As per the book the strategies of war should be designed on the basis of the circumstances and the strategy should be flexible as well so that it can be modified at any given point of time. The book is solely based on designing strategies of war however, later on researchers have observed that these suggestions regarding strategic design can also be applied in several real life scenario (Tzu, 2017). It suggests to attack the enemy whenever the enemy is not prepared. It suggested not to attack the walled cities which signifies that it is not wise to attack a guarded or well prepared organization. The five forces which are essential for winning a battle as specified on this book are timings of starting a fight. In order to won a fight one should be well known about when to attack when not (Tzu, 2017). Ability of handle superior and inferior forces at the same time also contributes largely in winning a battle. If the army is animated throughout all of its ranks the chances of winning in crease. Finally when one can prepare him or herself and wait for the appropriate time when the opponent will be unprepared will win. Simply Art of War is a book that effectively teaches how to believe the fact that the enemy is not going to atatck but to be ready to receive them. PEST Analysis PEST analysis is an analytical tool that helps to analyse the external environmental factors. Such as the political, environmental, social and technological factors that may affect the business organisations or any business entity. Political Factors The United Arab Emirates constitutes of a combination of seven separate and independent emirates. The constitution that was established and finalized is considered to be stable in the year 1996, states that all of the power is not specifically concentrated to the federal institutions but it remains to the individual emirates along with their rules (Sengpoh, 2015). No political parties are allowed in UAE and the Federal Supreme Council choses the supreme ruler of the countries. The ruling family of each of the Emirates is an associate of the supreme council which held is responsible for electing the president and vice president for a term of five years. Presently the political environment of UAE is stable and is in favor of the business entities (Muhammad Siddique, 2015). The individual governance of the seven emirates certainly possesses different factors which affects them individually. On the other hand, the emergence of globalization and continuous economic growth in this country the expatriate population in the country is increasing. Economic Factors The economy of United Arab Emirates has depicted significant economic and social improvements since it was established (Belwal, 2017). Economists argue that it can be considered as a role model for the countries to follow the economic modelling. Irrespective of the various economic developments UAE has also given rise to a business enabling economic environment which has helped it to attract foreign investment (Aljeeran et al., 2016). The UAE economy can be distinguished as the most open economy in the world. It is characterized with the features of higher per capita income and a high trade surplus generated annually. Presently the country offers a Free Trade Zone with zero taxes in order to attract the foreign investors. The economy of the country is mainly dependent over the oil exports that contributes up to 30% of the annual GDP. The country possesses third largest oil deposits in the world and as a result it is mainly influenced by the oil sector. As the data suggests the gross domestic product of UAE was nearly equal to 349 billion US dollars during 2016 (Sbia et al., 2014). This evidently signifies that the economy of the country is in a very good health and standard. Social Factors The seven emirates of United Arab was established in the year 1971 and presently its population is 6.4 Million which includes 13.5% Emiratis and 86.5% expatriates. It is characterized as a highly developed country with a significantly high GDP growth rate (Ismail, 2015). In the case of every culture prevailing in the world phenomenon like bureaucracy, authority, verification, creativity and accountability are experienced in different manner. There is a common belief that internationalization will help to develop a common culture throughout the world. Culture is the way through which various problems can be solved. The country presently possesses a rich Muslim culture. Citizens are educated and possesses a high standard of living. Presently the country is investing largely in turning the desert into greenery. Technological Factors As UAE is a highly developed country it invests largely in the research and development segment. The technologies used in the country are designed in such a way that these remain environment friendly. It plans to develop and implement technological frameworks without affecting the environment. The citizens of the country are quite conscious about the environmental sustainability (Aljeeran et al., 2016). Linking with PEST Linking PEST with Art of Work Summary From the summary of the book Art of War it is quite evident that before attacking one should study his or her opponent first. In terms of the economy of UAE it is not at all the appropriate time to compete with the country. The other countries should wait for the appropriate time when UAE will be unprepared and then they should pose strong competition before the country. Linking PEST with Telecommunication Industry The telecommunication industry of UAE is a duopoly which constitutes of two organisations which are namely Etisalat and DU. Both of these companies are majorly owned by the government while the second operator Du was introduced in the market during 2007 and has gained a significantly large customer base despite the various interconnection difficulties and no number portability (Belwal, 2017). As it is quite evident from the PEST analysis that the population of UAE consists of a large number of expatriates which provides the organisations with a potentially large number of new subscribers. As the economy of the country is flourishing it is quite evident that GDP will rise further and per capita income of the citizens will also increase. This will result in an increased purchasing power of the people which will again be beneficial for the industry. Moreover, the government policies have given rise to a great impetus for increasing the level of Information and Communication Technology d evelopments (Sbia et al., 2014). 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